Zone 11a & 11b Planting Calendar

Every listed crop, timed for zone 11b. Zones 11a and 11b share the same average frost dates, so this calendar covers both. Not sure this is your zone? Change it using the zone picker at the top of the page.

What to plant each month in zone 11: January · February · March · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

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This zone has a single frost date, and the windows below are based on it. That date is a long-term average, not a forecast: it shifts from year to year, and a microclimate within your zone (a valley, a coastline, an urban heat island) can run meaningfully earlier or later than the regional average. Use these windows as a starting point and watch your local forecast as the date approaches.

Summer heat stall: in zone 11b, summer nights commonly exceed the published pollen/fruit-set threshold for Tomato, Bell Pepper, Cubanelle Pepper, Italian Frying Pepper (Corno di Toro, Marconi), Pimento Pepper, Sweet Banana Pepper, Shishito Pepper, Padrón Pepper, Mini Sweet Pepper (Snacking), Sweet Cherry Pepper, Poblano Pepper (Ancho), Anaheim Pepper (New Mexico, Hatch), Pasilla Pepper (Chilaca), Guajillo Pepper (Mirasol), Hungarian Wax Pepper, Jalapeño Pepper, Fresno Pepper, Serrano Pepper, Cayenne Pepper, Chile de Árbol Pepper, Thai Chili Pepper (Bird's Eye) (University of Maryland Extension, via UDel Cooperative Extension). Expect a slow patch for fruit set at the height of summer even though the plant keeps growing. It typically resumes once nights cool. USDA zones only measure winter minimums, so this calendar's windows don't otherwise account for it.

I = start indoors · S = direct sow / transplant outside · T = transplant (buy as a start). Click any column heading to sort.

Plant	Spacing	Height	Est. harvest	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
7 Pot Douglah Pepper (Chocolate 7 Pot) (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	~95 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
7 Pot Primo Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	~110 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Achira	~4 sq ft each	4-8 ft	~180 days	S										I
African Daisy	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~60 days	S
Ageratum (Flossflower)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days	S										I
Agrostemma (Corn Cockle)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~75 days												I/S
Aji Amarillo Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	~90 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Amaranthus (Love-Lies-Bleeding)	1 per sq ft	3-5 ft	~90 days	S										I
Amaryllis⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	First real harvest the season after planting	S
American Ginseng⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~1200 days after direct-sowing	S
Ammi (False Queen Anne's Lace)	2 per sq ft	3-4 ft	~100 days	S										I
Ammobium (Winged Everlasting)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~80 days	S										I
Anaheim Pepper (New Mexico, Hatch) (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~78 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Angelica⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~2 sq ft each	6-8 ft	~365 days after direct-sowing												S
Angelonia (Summer Snapdragon)	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~98 days	S										I
Anise	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~130 days	S
Anise Hyssop⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~78 days	S										I
Annual Geranium (Pelargonium)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~90 days	S									I
Apple⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	15-20 ft	First real harvest in year 4												T
Apricot⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	13-16 ft	First real harvest in year 4												T
Aronia (Black Chokeberry)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	4-8 ft	First real harvest in year 3												T
Artichoke	~5 sq ft each	3-4 ft	~95 days										I		S
Arugula (Fall window)	9 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~40 days	S	S	S							S	S	S
Asparagus⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~4 sq ft each	4-5 ft	First real harvest in year 3												S
Astilbe⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~4 sq ft each	1.5-4.5 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												S
Bachelor's Button (Cornflower)	3 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~75 days											I	S
Basil	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~60 days	S										I
Basket-of-Gold⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												S
Bee Balm⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~100 days	T
Beet⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~55 days												S
Belgian Endive (Witloof)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~120 days	S
Bell Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~75 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Bells of Ireland	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days											I	S
Birdhouse Gourd	~10 sq ft each	8-15 ft	~95 days	S
Black-Eyed Susan	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~70 days											I	S
Black-Eyed Susan Vine	1 per sq ft	3-8 ft	~100 days	S										I
Blackberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~9 sq ft each	5-8 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												T
Bleeding Heart⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												S
Blueberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	3-6 ft	First real harvest in year 3												T
Bok Choy	1 per sq ft	1 ft	~50 days	S										I
Borage⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~55 days	S
Broccoli⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~65 days											I	S
Broccoli Rabe (Raab)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~45 days												S
Broccolini⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~55 days	S										I
Brussels Sprouts⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~95 days											I	S
Bupleurum (Thoroughwax)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days											I	S
Burdock⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~120 days	S
Bush Beans (Fall window)	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~55 days	S	S	S	S					S	S	S	S
Butterfly Weed (Asclepias)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~365 days after transplanting	S										I
Cabbage⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~70 days											I	S
Calendula	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~50 days											I	S
California Bluebell⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~70 days	S
California Poppy⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~80 days												S
Calla Lily⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	2-3.5 ft	First real harvest the season after planting	S
Campanula (Bellflower)	2 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	~120 days	S										I
Candytuft	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~70 days												S
Cantaloupe (Fall window)	~4 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	~80 days	S	S	S									S
Caraway⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~365 days after direct-sowing												S
Cardoon⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~4 sq ft each	3-4 ft	~120 days	S										I
Carnation⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~135 days											I	S
Carolina Reaper Pepper (Summer window)	~4 sq ft each	4-5 ft	~115 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Carrot⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~70 days												S
Carthamus (Safflower)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~90 days	S											I
Castor Bean⚠ Toxic	~10 sq ft each	6-10 ft	~100 days	S
Catmint⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days	S										I
Catnip⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~80 days	S										I
Cauliflower⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~70 days											I	S
Cayenne Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~70 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Celeriac (Celery Root)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~100 days										I		S
Celery⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~120 days										I		S
Celosia	2 per sq ft	1-2.5 ft	~80 days	S										I
Celtuce (Stem Lettuce)	2 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days												I/S
Cerinthe (Honeywort)	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days	S										I
Chamomile (German)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~60 days	S										I
Chervil⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~60 days											I	S
Chile de Árbol Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~85 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
China Aster	4 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~90 days	S										I
Chives⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~60 days											I	S
Chrysanthemum (Garden Mum)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	First real harvest the season after planting	S										I
Cilantro⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~50 days	S
Citronella Plant (Mosquito Plant)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~60 days	T
Clarkia (Farewell-to-Spring)	4 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~75 days												I/S
Claytonia (Miner's Lettuce)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	9 per sq ft	3-6 in	~40 days	S
Cleome (Spider Flower)	1 per sq ft	1.5-6 ft	~75 days	S										I
Coleus	1 per sq ft	0.5-3 ft	~75 days	S									I
Collard Greens (Fall window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~70 days	S								S	S	S	S
Columbine⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~365 days after transplanting	S									I
Coreopsis (Tickseed)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~80 days	S										I
Corn Poppy	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~90 days												S
Cosmos	1 per sq ft	2-6 ft	~70 days	S										I
Cranberry Hibiscus⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~4 sq ft each	3.5-6 ft	~100 days	S										I
Craspedia (Drumstick Flower)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~115 days	S										I
Crocus⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	12 per sq ft	3-6 in	~150 days	S
Cubanelle Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~70 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Cucamelon	1 per sq ft	8-13.5 ft	~70 days	S											I
Cucumber (Fall window)	2 per sq ft	5-6 ft	~55 days	S	S							S	S	S	S
Cumin	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~120 days	S
Currant⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	3-5 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												T
Cutting Celery (Leaf Celery)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1.5 ft	~65 days	S										I
Cynoglossum (Chinese Forget-Me-Not)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~75 days												I/S
Daffodil (Narcissus)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~150 days	S
Dahlia	1 per sq ft	1-5 ft	~90 days	S
Daikon Radish	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~60 days	S
Dandelion (Cultivated)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~60 days	S
Datil Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~95 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Delphinium⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	~150 days	T
Desert Marigold⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~75 days	S
Didiscus (Blue Lace Flower)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days	S
Dill⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~55 days												S
Dorset Naga Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	3-4 ft	~95 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Dusty Miller	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~90 days	S									I
Dutch Iris⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~210 days	S
Echinops (Globe Thistle)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~2 sq ft each	2.5-4 ft	~365 days after transplanting	S										I
Edamame (Soybean)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~85 days	S
Eggplant (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~75 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Elderberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	8-10 ft	First real harvest in year 3												T
Epazote⚠ Toxic	~2 sq ft each	2-5 ft	~60 days	S
Eryngium (Sea Holly)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~365 days after transplanting	S									I
Escarole (Endive) (Fall window)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~85 days	S	S	S						S	S	S	S
Eucalyptus	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~100 days	S									I
Euphorbia (Snow-on-the-Mountain)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~80 days	S										I
Fava Bean (Broad Bean)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~77 days												S
Fennel (Florence/bulbing)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days	S										I
Feverfew⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	2 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	~80 days	S										I
Fig	~16 sq ft each	8-15 ft	First real harvest the season after planting	T
Flower Sprouts	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~100 days											I	S
Forget-Me-Not⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~70 days												S
Four O'Clock	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~70 days	S
Foxglove⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	2-5 ft	~365 days after transplanting	S									I
Fresno Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~75 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Gai Lan (Chinese Broccoli)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~45 days												S
Gaillardia (Blanket Flower)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days	S										I
Garlic⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~240 days								S
Garlic Chives (Chinese Leeks)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days	S										I
Gazania	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~75 days	S										I
Ghost Pepper (Bhut Jolokia) (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	3-4 ft	~115 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Gladiolus	2 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~90 days												S
Goji Berry⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	3-6 ft	First real harvest in year 3												T
Goldenseal⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1 ft	~1200 days after direct-sowing	S
Gomphrena (Globe Amaranth)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~90 days	S										I
Gooseberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	3-4 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												T
Grape⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	6-10 ft	First real harvest in year 3												T
Ground Cherry (Husk Cherry)	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~77 days	S										I
Guajillo Pepper (Mirasol) (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Gypsophila (Baby's Breath)	2 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~75 days	S										I
Habanero Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~95 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Helipterum (Paper Daisy)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~80 days	S										I
Heuchera (Coral Bells)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												S
Hollyhock⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~5 sq ft each	5-9 ft	~180 days												S
Honesty (Lunaria)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b⚠ Spreads aggressively	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~120 days	S
Honeyberry (Haskap)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	3-6 ft	First real harvest in year 3												T
Horehound⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												S
Horseradish⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~180 days	S
Hosta⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~4 sq ft each	0.5-2.5 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												S
Hungarian Wax Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~70 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Hyacinth⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	5 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~150 days	S
Hyacinth Bean Vine	1 per sq ft	6-12 ft	~90 days	S
Hyssop⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~85 days	S										I
Impatiens	2 per sq ft	0.5-2 ft	~75 days	S									I
Italian Frying Pepper (Corno di Toro, Marconi) (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	~70 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Jalapeño Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~72 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Jicama⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	8-15 ft	~150 days	S										I
Johnny Jump Up⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	3-10 in	~65 days										I		S
Kale⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~60 days											I	S
Kalettes	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~100 days											I	S
Kohlrabi (Fall window)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~55 days	S	S								S	S	S
Komatsuna	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~40 days												S
Komodo Dragon Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	~105 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Lantana	~7 sq ft each	1-2 ft	~90 days	T
Larkspur⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	3-4 ft	~95 days												S
Lavatera (Annual Mallow)	~4 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~90 days	S
Lavender⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1-2.5 ft	~100 days	T
Leek⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~110 days										I		S
Lemon Balm⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~65 days	S										I
Lemon Drop Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~100 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Lemongrass	1 per sq ft	1.5-4 ft	~100 days	T
Lettuce⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~45 days												I/S
Liatris (Blazing Star)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												S
Licorice Marigold	2 per sq ft	6-10 in	~60 days	S
Lima Bean (Fall window)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days	S	S	S	S					S	S	S	S
Lingonberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	First real harvest in year 3												T
Lisianthus	2 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~150 days	S									I
Lobelia⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	4-8 in	~80 days	S									I
Lovage⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	4-6.5 ft	~90 days	S										I
Love-in-a-Mist (Nigella)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days												S
Luffa Gourd	~4 sq ft each	8-15 ft	~125 days	S											I
Lupine⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~2 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~80 days												S
Mâche (Corn Salad)	9 per sq ft	2-4 in	~50 days												S
Magenta Spreen	2 per sq ft	4-6 ft	~45 days												S
Maiden Pinks⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												S
Malabar Spinach	2 per sq ft	6-10 ft	~70 days	S										I
Mallow (High Mallow)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~110 days	S
Marigold	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~50 days	S										I
Marjoram (Sweet)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~65 days	S										I
Mashua⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~2 sq ft each	2-8 ft	~210 days	S
Mauka	~10 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~150 days	S										I
Mexican Mint Marigold	2 per sq ft	1.5 ft	~75 days	S										I
Milk Thistle⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b⚠ Spreads aggressively · Restricted in some states	~4 sq ft each	3-5 ft	~120 days												S
Mini Sweet Pepper (Snacking) (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~70 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Mint (Spearmint)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~70 days	T
Mizuna	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~40 days												S
Molokhia (Egyptian Spinach)	4 per sq ft	3-5 ft	~50 days	S
Moonflower	2 per sq ft	10-20 ft	~90 days	S										I
Morning Glory	~4 sq ft each	8-10 ft	~75 days	S
Mountain Mint⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days	S										I
Mugwort⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b⚠ Spreads aggressively	~16 sq ft each	2-4 ft	First real harvest the season after planting	S
Mulberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	10-20 ft	First real harvest in year 4	T
Mustard Greens (Fall window)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~40 days	S								S	S	S	S
Naga Viper Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~100 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Nanking Cherry⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	8-12 ft	First real harvest in year 4												T
Napa Cabbage (Chinese Cabbage) (Fall window)	1 per sq ft	1 ft	~57 days	S	S	S	S					S	S	S	S
Nasturtium	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~55 days	S
Nicotiana (Flowering Tobacco)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~75 days	S										I
Oca⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~210 days	S
Okra (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	5-6 ft	~58 days								S	S	S
Onion⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	16 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~100 days											I	S
Orach (Mountain Spinach)	4 per sq ft	3-5 ft	~45 days												S
Oregano	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days	S										I
Orlaya (Laceflower)	2 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~90 days											I	S
Ornamental Allium⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	5 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~195 days	S
Osteospermum⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~90 days	S										I
Padrón Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~60 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Pansy / Viola	2 per sq ft	6-9 in	~65 days										I		S
Parsley⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~75 days											I	S
Parsley Root (Hamburg Parsley)	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~90 days	S
Parsnip⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~110 days												S
Pasilla Pepper (Chilaca) (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~80 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Pawpaw⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	15-20 ft	First real harvest in year 5	T
Pea (Fall window)	8 per sq ft	3-6 ft	~60 days	S	S									S	S
Peach⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	12-15 ft	First real harvest in year 4												T
Peanut	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~130 days	S
Pear⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	14-18 ft	First real harvest in year 5												T
Pennyroyal⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	First real harvest the season after planting	S
Penstemon (Beardtongue)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												S
Petunia	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~70 days	S									I
Phacelia (Lacy Phacelia)	4 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	~70 days												S
Phlox (Annual)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~70 days											I	S
Pimento Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~80 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Pineapple Sage⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~10 sq ft each	3-5 ft	~90 days	T
Plum⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	15-18 ft	First real harvest in year 5												T
Poblano Pepper (Ancho) (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~70 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Portulaca (Moss Rose)	1 per sq ft	4-8 in	~60 days	S										I
Potato⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~90 days												S
Primula⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	First real harvest the season after planting										I		S
Pumpkin⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~10 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	~110 days	S
Purple Coneflower⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~365 days after planting										I		S
Purslane	4 per sq ft	4-8 in	~50 days	S											I
Quince⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	10-15 ft	First real harvest in year 4	T
Radicchio⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	2 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~75 days	S											I
Radish⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~25 days												S
Ranunculus⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~105 days												S
Raspberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~4 sq ft each	5-6 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												T
Rhubarb⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~9 sq ft each	2-3 ft	First real harvest in year 3												S
Rock Soapwort⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~4 sq ft each	6-9 in	First real harvest the season after planting												S
Rocoto Pepper (Summer window)	~4 sq ft each	3-4 ft	~120 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Root Chervil⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~150 days										S
Roselle⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~10 sq ft each	4-7 ft	~150 days	S										I
Rosemary	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~90 days	S									I
Rue⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days	S										I
Rutabaga⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~90 days			S
Saffron Crocus⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	9 per sq ft	4-10 in	~425 days after direct-sowing								S
Sage⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~75 days	S										I
Salad Burnet⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~75 days	S										I
Salsify⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~120 days	S
Saltwort	9 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~45 days	S
Salvia (Scarlet Sage)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days	S										I
Saponaria (Soapwort)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~70 days												I/S
Scabiosa (Pincushion Flower)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~120 days	S										I
Scallion (Green Onion)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~60 days												S
Scarlet Flax⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~70 days	S
Scarlet Runner Bean	1 per sq ft	6-9 ft	~70 days	S											I
Scorzonera (Black Salsify)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~120 days	S
Scotch Bonnet Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Sea Kale⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~9 sq ft each	1.5-2.5 ft	First real harvest in year 3												S
Sedum (Showy Stonecrop)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~4 sq ft each	1-2 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												S
Serrano Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~78 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Serviceberry (Juneberry)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	6-15 ft	First real harvest in year 4												T
Shallot⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~108 days												S
Shasta Daisy⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~105 days											I	S
Shishito Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~60 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Shiso (Perilla)	4 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~82 days	S
Showy Evening Primrose⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b⚠ Spreads aggressively	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	First real harvest the season after planting	S
Skirret⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~1 sq ft each	1.5-2.5 ft	First real harvest the season after planting	S										I
Snapdragon⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	2 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~90 days										I		S
Sorrel⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~50 days											I	S
Spilanthes (Toothache Plant)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~65 days	S										I
Spinach⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~40 days												S
Statice	1 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~90 days	S										I
Stevia	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~90 days	T
Stock	2 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~80 days	S										I
Strawberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	6-8 in	First real harvest the season after planting												T
Strawflower⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~80 days	S										I
Summer Savory	4 per sq ft	5-7 in	~60 days	S										I
Summer Squash (Yellow) (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~55 days	S	S	S					S	S	S	S	S
Sunchoke (Jerusalem Artichoke)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	6-10 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												S
Sunflower	~2 sq ft each	3-12 ft	~80 days	S
Superhot Pepper (Ghost, Reaper, Scorpion) (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~135 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Sweet Alyssum	3 per sq ft	3-10 in	~40 days	S										I
Sweet Annie (Artemisia)	1 per sq ft	4-6 ft	~100 days	S										I
Sweet Banana Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~70 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Sweet Cherry⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	16-20 ft	First real harvest in year 5												T
Sweet Cherry Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~75 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Sweet Corn⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	5-8 ft	~75 days	S
Sweet Pea	2 per sq ft	5-8 ft	~85 days											S
Sweet Potato (Fall window)	~4 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	~110 days	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S	S	I	I	I/S
Sweet William⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~60 days											I	S
Swiss Chard⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~55 days												I/S
Tabasco Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2.5-4 ft	~85 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Tansy⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b⚠ Toxic · Restricted in some states	1 per sq ft	1-5 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												S
Tarragon (French)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~65 days	T
Tart Cherry⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~16 sq ft each	12-16 ft	First real harvest in year 4												T
Tatsoi	9 per sq ft	4-8 in	~45 days												S
Thai Chili Pepper (Bird's Eye) (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~80 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Thyme	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~90 days	S										I
Tithonia (Mexican Sunflower)	~2 sq ft each	4-6 ft	~88 days	S										I
Tobacco⚠ Toxic · Restricted in some states	~4 sq ft each	3-10 ft	~120 days	S										I
Tomatillo	~4 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~65 days	S										I
Tomato (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	~70 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Torenia (Wishbone Flower)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~80 days	S									I
Trinidad Moruga Scorpion Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	~115 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Trinidad Scorpion Butch T Pepper (Summer window)	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	~95 days	S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Tulip⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	7 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~180 days	S
Turnip⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~50 days												S
Upland Cress	9 per sq ft	4-8 in	~50 days												S
Valerian⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~2 sq ft each	4-6.5 ft	~730 days after transplanting	S										I
Vegetable Amaranth	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~40 days	S
Verbena⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~2 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	~80 days	S									I
Veronica (Speedwell)⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												S
Vinca (Madagascar Periwinkle)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days	S									I
Watercress⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	9 per sq ft	4-10 in	~50 days												I/S
Watermelon (Fall window)	~10 sq ft each	6-10 in	~85 days	S	S	S									S
Wax Begonia	2 per sq ft	0.5-2 ft	~90 days	S									I
White Sage⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~90 days	S										I
Wild Bergamot⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~9 sq ft each	2-4 ft	First real harvest the season after planting												S
Winter Savory⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~90 days	S										I
Winter Squash⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	~4 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	~100 days	S
Xeranthemum (Immortelle)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~85 days	S										I
Yacon	~4 sq ft each	4-6 ft	~210 days	S										I
Yarrow⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~100 days	S									I
Za'atar Oregano⚠ Not recommended for zone 11b	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~90 days	S										I
Zinnia	1 per sq ft	1-4 ft	~65 days	S											I
Zucchini (Summer window)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~50 days	S	S	S					S	S	S	S	S

Vegetables & Herbs

Plant	Spacing	Height	Window	Method	Start indoors	Direct sow / transplant	Est. harvest
Achira	~4 sq ft each	4-8 ft	—	Either	Nov 6–Nov 13	Jan 15–Jan 22	Jul 14–Jul 21
American Ginseng	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	About 3 years after planting
Angelica	~2 sq ft each	6-8 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 11–Dec 18	About a year after planting
Anise	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	May 11–May 18
Anise Hyssop	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 20–Mar 27
Artichoke	~5 sq ft each	3-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 23–Oct 30	Dec 11–Dec 18	Mar 16–Mar 23
Arugula	9 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Oct–Mar	~40 days after direct-sowing
Asparagus	~4 sq ft each	4-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest in year 3
Basil	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 15–Jan 22	Mar 16–Mar 23
Beet	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 11–Dec 18	Feb 4–Feb 11
Belgian Endive (Witloof)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	May 1–May 8
Birdhouse Gourd	~10 sq ft each	8-15 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 15–Jan 22	Apr 20–Apr 27
Bok Choy	1 per sq ft	1 ft	—	Either	Nov 27–Dec 4	Jan 1–Jan 8	Feb 20–Feb 27
Borage	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Feb 25–Mar 4
Broccoli	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 21–Feb 28
Broccoli Rabe (Raab)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 11–Dec 18	Jan 25–Feb 1
Broccolini	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 27–Dec 4	Jan 1–Jan 8	Feb 25–Mar 4
Brussels Sprouts	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Dec 18–Dec 25	Mar 23–Mar 30
Burdock	4 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	May 8–May 15
Bush Beans	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep–Apr	~55 days after direct-sowing
Cabbage	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 26–Mar 5
Cantaloupe	~4 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Either	—	Dec–Mar	~80 days after planting
Caraway	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 11–Dec 18	About a year after planting
Cardoon	~4 sq ft each	3-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 15–Jan 22	May 15–May 22
Carrot	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 11–Dec 18	Feb 19–Feb 26
Catmint	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 29–Apr 5
Catnip	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 22–Mar 29
Cauliflower	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 26–Mar 5
Celeriac (Celery Root)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 23–Oct 30	Dec 18–Dec 25	Mar 28–Apr 4
Celery	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 23–Oct 30	Dec 18–Dec 25	Apr 17–Apr 24
Celtuce (Stem Lettuce)	2 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 4–Dec 11	Dec 11–Dec 18	Mar 1–Mar 8
Chamomile (German)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 2–Mar 9
Chervil	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Nov 6–Nov 13	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 16–Feb 23
Chives	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Nov 6–Nov 13	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 16–Feb 23
Cilantro	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Feb 20–Feb 27
Citronella Plant (Mosquito Plant)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 9–Mar 16
Claytonia (Miner's Lettuce)	9 per sq ft	3-6 in	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Feb 10–Feb 17
Collard Greens	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Fall window	Either	—	Sep–Jan	~70 days after planting
Cucamelon	1 per sq ft	8-13.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 4–Dec 11	Jan 15–Jan 22	Mar 26–Apr 2
Cucumber	2 per sq ft	5-6 ft	Fall window	Either	—	Sep–Feb	~55 days after planting
Cumin	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 22–Jan 29	May 22–May 29
Cutting Celery (Leaf Celery)	4 per sq ft	1.5 ft	—	Either	Nov 6–Nov 13	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 7–Mar 14
Daikon Radish	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 2–Mar 9
Dandelion (Cultivated)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 2–Mar 9
Dill	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 25–Jan 1	Feb 18–Feb 25
Edamame (Soybean)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 3–Apr 10
Eggplant	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~75 days after transplanting
Epazote	~2 sq ft each	2-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 2–Mar 9
Escarole (Endive)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Either	—	Sep–Mar	~85 days after planting
Fava Bean (Broad Bean)	4 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 11–Dec 18	Feb 26–Mar 5
Fennel (Florence/bulbing)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Nov 27–Dec 4	Jan 15–Jan 22	Apr 15–Apr 22
Flower Sprouts	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Dec 18–Dec 25	Mar 28–Apr 4
Gai Lan (Chinese Broccoli)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 1–Feb 8
Garlic	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Aug 14–Aug 21	Apr 11–Apr 18
Garlic Chives (Chinese Leeks)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 29–Apr 5
Goldenseal	4 per sq ft	1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	About 3 years after planting
Ground Cherry (Husk Cherry)	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 22–Jan 29	Apr 9–Apr 16
Horehound	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Horseradish	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	Jul 7–Jul 14
Hyssop	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Nov 6–Nov 13	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 3–Apr 10
Jicama	1 per sq ft	8-15 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 15–Jan 22	Jun 14–Jun 21
Kale	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Nov 20–Nov 27	Dec 11–Dec 18	Feb 9–Feb 16
Kalettes	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Dec 18–Dec 25	Mar 28–Apr 4
Kohlrabi	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Either	—	Oct–Feb	~55 days after planting
Komatsuna	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	Jan 27–Feb 3
Lavender	1 per sq ft	1-2.5 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 18–Apr 25
Leek	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 23–Oct 30	Dec 11–Dec 18	Mar 31–Apr 7
Lemon Balm	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 27–Dec 4	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 14–Mar 21
Lemongrass	1 per sq ft	1.5-4 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 18–Apr 25
Lettuce	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Dec 4–Dec 11	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 1–Feb 8
Licorice Marigold	2 per sq ft	6-10 in	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 2–Mar 9
Lima Bean	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep–Apr	~75 days after direct-sowing
Lovage	1 per sq ft	4-6.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 8–Apr 15
Luffa Gourd	~4 sq ft each	8-15 ft	—	Either	Dec 4–Dec 11	Jan 8–Jan 15	May 13–May 20
Mâche (Corn Salad)	9 per sq ft	2-4 in	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 4–Dec 11	Jan 23–Jan 30
Magenta Spreen	2 per sq ft	4-6 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 11–Dec 18	Jan 25–Feb 1
Malabar Spinach	2 per sq ft	6-10 ft	—	Either	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 19–Mar 26
Marjoram (Sweet)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 14–Mar 21
Mashua	~2 sq ft each	2-8 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Jul 30–Aug 6
Mauka	~10 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 15–Jan 22	Jun 14–Jun 21
Mexican Mint Marigold	2 per sq ft	1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 24–Mar 31
Milk Thistle	~4 sq ft each	3-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	Apr 17–Apr 24
Mint (Spearmint)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 12–Mar 19
Mizuna	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 11–Dec 18	Jan 20–Jan 27
Molokhia (Egyptian Spinach)	4 per sq ft	3-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 15–Jan 22	Mar 6–Mar 13
Mountain Mint	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 8–Apr 15
Mugwort	~16 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Mustard Greens	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep–Jan	~40 days after direct-sowing
Napa Cabbage (Chinese Cabbage)	1 per sq ft	1 ft	Fall window	Either	—	Sep–Apr	~57 days after planting
Oca	1 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Jul 30–Aug 6
Okra	1 per sq ft	5-6 ft	Summer window	Either	—	Aug–Oct	~58 days after planting
Onion	16 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 6–Nov 13	Dec 11–Dec 18	Mar 21–Mar 28
Orach (Mountain Spinach)	4 per sq ft	3-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 1–Feb 8
Oregano	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 6–Nov 13	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 29–Apr 5
Parsley	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Nov 6–Nov 13	Dec 18–Dec 25	Mar 3–Mar 10
Parsley Root (Hamburg Parsley)	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Apr 1–Apr 8
Parsnip	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	Apr 7–Apr 14
Pea	8 per sq ft	3-6 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Nov–Feb	~60 days after direct-sowing
Peanut	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	May 18–May 25
Pennyroyal	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Pineapple Sage	~10 sq ft each	3-5 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 8–Apr 15
Potato	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	Mar 18–Mar 25
Pumpkin	~10 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 28–May 5
Purslane	4 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Either	Dec 11–Dec 18	Jan 1–Jan 8	Feb 20–Feb 27
Radicchio	2 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 4–Dec 11	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 17–Mar 24
Radish	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 4–Dec 11	Dec 29–Jan 5
Rhubarb	~9 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest in year 3
Root Chervil	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Oct 9–Oct 16	Mar 8–Mar 15
Roselle	~10 sq ft each	4-7 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 6–Nov 13	Jan 15–Jan 22	Jun 14–Jun 21
Rosemary	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 23–Oct 30	Jan 15–Jan 22	Apr 15–Apr 22
Rue	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 8–Apr 15
Rutabaga	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Mar 5–Mar 12	Jun 3–Jun 10
Sage	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 6–Nov 13	Jan 15–Jan 22	Mar 31–Apr 7
Salad Burnet	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 24–Mar 31
Salsify	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	May 1–May 8
Saltwort	9 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Feb 15–Feb 22
Scallion (Green Onion)	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 16–Feb 23
Scorzonera (Black Salsify)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	May 1–May 8
Sea Kale	~9 sq ft each	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest in year 3
Shallot	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 11–Dec 18	Mar 29–Apr 5
Shiso (Perilla)	4 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 31–Apr 7
Skirret	~1 sq ft each	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Either	Nov 6–Nov 13	Jan 1–Jan 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Sorrel	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Nov 27–Dec 4	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 6–Feb 13
Spinach	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 4–Dec 11	Jan 13–Jan 20
Stevia	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 8–Apr 15
Summer Savory	4 per sq ft	5-7 in	—	Either	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 2–Mar 9
Summer Squash (Yellow)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Summer window	Either	—	Aug–Mar	~55 days after planting
Sunchoke (Jerusalem Artichoke)	~16 sq ft each	6-10 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Sweet Corn	1 per sq ft	5-8 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 24–Mar 31
Sweet Potato	~4 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Oct–Jul	Dec–Sep	~110 days after transplanting
Swiss Chard	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Dec 4–Dec 11	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 11–Feb 18
Tansy	1 per sq ft	1-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Tarragon (French)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 14–Mar 21
Tatsoi	9 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 11–Dec 18	Jan 25–Feb 1
Thyme	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 6–Nov 13	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 8–Apr 15
Tobacco	~4 sq ft each	3-10 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 6–Nov 13	Jan 15–Jan 22	May 15–May 22
Tomatillo	~4 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 22–Jan 29	Mar 28–Apr 4
Tomato	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~70 days after transplanting
Turnip	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 11–Dec 18	Jan 30–Feb 6
Upland Cress	9 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 25–Jan 1	Feb 13–Feb 20
Valerian	~2 sq ft each	4-6.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 8–Jan 15	About 2 years after planting
Vegetable Amaranth	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 15–Jan 22	Feb 24–Mar 3
Watercress	9 per sq ft	4-10 in	—	Either	Dec 11–Dec 18	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 6–Feb 13
Watermelon	~10 sq ft each	6-10 in	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Dec–Mar	~85 days after direct-sowing
White Sage	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Either	Nov 6–Nov 13	Jan 1–Jan 8	Apr 1–Apr 8
Wild Bergamot	~9 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 4–Dec 11	First real harvest the season after planting
Winter Savory	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 8–Apr 15
Winter Squash	~4 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 18–Apr 25
Yacon	~4 sq ft each	4-6 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 6–Nov 13	Jan 22–Jan 29	Aug 20–Aug 27
Za'atar Oregano	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 6–Nov 13	Jan 15–Jan 22	Apr 15–Apr 22
Zucchini	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	Summer window	Either	—	Aug–Mar	~50 days after planting

Peppers

Plant	Spacing	Height	Window	Method	Start indoors	Direct sow / transplant	Est. harvest
7 Pot Douglah Pepper (Chocolate 7 Pot)	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~95 days after transplanting
7 Pot Primo Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~110 days after transplanting
Aji Amarillo Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~90 days after transplanting
Anaheim Pepper (New Mexico, Hatch)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~78 days after transplanting
Bell Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~75 days after transplanting
Carolina Reaper Pepper	~4 sq ft each	4-5 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~115 days after transplanting
Cayenne Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~70 days after transplanting
Chile de Árbol Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~85 days after transplanting
Cubanelle Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~70 days after transplanting
Datil Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~95 days after transplanting
Dorset Naga Pepper	1 per sq ft	3-4 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~95 days after transplanting
Fresno Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~75 days after transplanting
Ghost Pepper (Bhut Jolokia)	1 per sq ft	3-4 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~115 days after transplanting
Guajillo Pepper (Mirasol)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~75 days after transplanting
Habanero Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~95 days after transplanting
Hungarian Wax Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~70 days after transplanting
Italian Frying Pepper (Corno di Toro, Marconi)	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~70 days after transplanting
Jalapeño Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~72 days after transplanting
Komodo Dragon Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~105 days after transplanting
Lemon Drop Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~100 days after transplanting
Mini Sweet Pepper (Snacking)	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~70 days after transplanting
Naga Viper Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~100 days after transplanting
Padrón Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~60 days after transplanting
Pasilla Pepper (Chilaca)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~80 days after transplanting
Pimento Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~80 days after transplanting
Poblano Pepper (Ancho)	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~70 days after transplanting
Rocoto Pepper	~4 sq ft each	3-4 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~120 days after transplanting
Scotch Bonnet Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~90 days after transplanting
Serrano Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~78 days after transplanting
Shishito Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~60 days after transplanting
Superhot Pepper (Ghost, Reaper, Scorpion)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~135 days after transplanting
Sweet Banana Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~70 days after transplanting
Sweet Cherry Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~75 days after transplanting
Tabasco Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-4 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~85 days after transplanting
Thai Chili Pepper (Bird's Eye)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	Jun–Dec	Aug–Feb	~80 days after transplanting
Trinidad Moruga Scorpion Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~115 days after transplanting
Trinidad Scorpion Butch T Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	Summer window	Start indoors	May–Nov	Aug–Feb	~95 days after transplanting

Fruit & Berries

These stay in the ground for years. The planting window is when to put a bare-root or potted plant in, and the last column is how long before it crops properly rather than a harvest date.

Plant	Space needed	Height	Hardy zones	Plant out	First real harvest
Apple	~18 ft across	15-20 ft	3–8	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest in year 4
Apricot	~16 ft across	13-16 ft	5–8	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest in year 4
Aronia (Black Chokeberry)	~5 ft across	4-8 ft	3–8	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest in year 3
Blackberry	~3 ft across	5-8 ft	5–9	Dec 4–Dec 11	First real harvest the season after planting
Blueberry	~4 ft across	3-6 ft	3–8	Dec 4–Dec 11	First real harvest in year 3
Currant	~4 ft across	3-5 ft	3–8	Dec 4–Dec 11	First real harvest the season after planting
Elderberry	~7 ft across	8-10 ft	3–9	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest in year 3
Fig	~8 ft across	8-15 ft	7–11	Jan 15–Jan 22	First real harvest the season after planting
Goji Berry	~5 ft across	3-6 ft	4–7	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest in year 3
Gooseberry	~4 ft across	3-4 ft	3–8	Dec 4–Dec 11	First real harvest the season after planting
Grape	~8 ft across	6-10 ft	4–10	Dec 11–Dec 18	First real harvest in year 3
Honeyberry (Haskap)	~4 ft across	3-6 ft	2–7	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest in year 3
Lingonberry	~2 ft across	0.5-1.5 ft	3–7	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest in year 3
Mulberry	~8 ft across	10-20 ft	4–9	Jan 1–Jan 8	First real harvest in year 4
Nanking Cherry	~8 ft across	8-12 ft	2–7	Dec 4–Dec 11	First real harvest in year 4
Pawpaw	~8 ft across	15-20 ft	5–9	Jan 1–Jan 8	First real harvest in year 5
Peach	~18 ft across	12-15 ft	5–9	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest in year 4
Pear	~15 ft across	14-18 ft	4–8	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest in year 5
Plum	~16 ft across	15-18 ft	4–8	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest in year 5
Quince	~8 ft across	10-15 ft	5–9	Jan 1–Jan 8	First real harvest in year 4
Raspberry	~2 ft across	5-6 ft	3–8	Dec 4–Dec 11	First real harvest the season after planting
Serviceberry (Juneberry)	~8 ft across	6-15 ft	3–8	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest in year 4
Strawberry	~1 ft across	6-8 in	3–10	Dec 11–Dec 18	First real harvest the season after planting
Sweet Cherry	~18 ft across	16-20 ft	5–8	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest in year 5
Tart Cherry	~15 ft across	12-16 ft	4–8	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest in year 4

Flowers

Plant	Spacing	Height	Window	Method	Start indoors	Direct sow / transplant	Est. bloom
African Daisy	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 2–Mar 9
Ageratum (Flossflower)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 24–Mar 31
Agrostemma (Corn Cockle)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 4–Dec 11	Dec 18–Dec 25	Mar 3–Mar 10
Amaranthus (Love-Lies-Bleeding)	1 per sq ft	3-5 ft	—	Either	Nov 27–Dec 4	Jan 1–Jan 8	Apr 1–Apr 8
Amaryllis	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	First real harvest the season after planting
Ammi (False Queen Anne's Lace)	2 per sq ft	3-4 ft	—	Either	Nov 27–Dec 4	Jan 1–Jan 8	Apr 11–Apr 18
Ammobium (Winged Everlasting)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 22–Mar 29
Angelonia (Summer Snapdragon)	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 15–Jan 22	Apr 23–Apr 30
Annual Geranium (Pelargonium)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 30–Nov 6	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 8–Apr 15
Astilbe	~4 sq ft each	1.5-4.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Bachelor's Button (Cornflower)	3 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Dec 18–Dec 25	Mar 3–Mar 10
Basket-of-Gold	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Bee Balm	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Jan 15–Jan 22	Apr 25–May 2
Bells of Ireland	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Dec 25–Jan 1	Mar 25–Apr 1
Black-Eyed Susan	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Dec 11–Dec 18	Feb 19–Feb 26
Black-Eyed Susan Vine	1 per sq ft	3-8 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 15–Jan 22	Apr 25–May 2
Bleeding Heart	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 4–Dec 11	First real harvest the season after planting
Bupleurum (Thoroughwax)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Dec 18–Dec 25	Mar 18–Mar 25
Butterfly Weed (Asclepias)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 6–Nov 13	Jan 8–Jan 15	About a year after planting
Calendula	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 6–Feb 13
California Bluebell	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 12–Mar 19
California Poppy	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	Mar 8–Mar 15
Calla Lily	1 per sq ft	2-3.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	First real harvest the season after planting
Campanula (Bellflower)	2 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	May 8–May 15
Candytuft	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 26–Mar 5
Carnation	4 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Dec 25–Jan 1	May 9–May 16
Carthamus (Safflower)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Dec 4–Dec 11	Jan 1–Jan 8	Apr 1–Apr 8
Castor Bean	~10 sq ft each	6-10 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 18–Apr 25
Celosia	2 per sq ft	1-2.5 ft	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 29–Apr 5
Cerinthe (Honeywort)	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 17–Mar 24
China Aster	4 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 8–Apr 15
Chrysanthemum (Garden Mum)	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 6–Nov 13	Jan 15–Jan 22	First real harvest the season after planting
Clarkia (Farewell-to-Spring)	4 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 4–Dec 11	Dec 11–Dec 18	Feb 24–Mar 3
Cleome (Spider Flower)	1 per sq ft	1.5-6 ft	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 15–Jan 22	Mar 31–Apr 7
Coleus	1 per sq ft	0.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 23–Oct 30	Jan 15–Jan 22	Mar 31–Apr 7
Columbine	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 30–Nov 6	Jan 8–Jan 15	About a year after planting
Coreopsis (Tickseed)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 29–Apr 5
Corn Poppy	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	Mar 18–Mar 25
Cosmos	1 per sq ft	2-6 ft	—	Either	Nov 27–Dec 4	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 19–Mar 26
Cranberry Hibiscus	~4 sq ft each	3.5-6 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 18–Apr 25
Craspedia (Drumstick Flower)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	May 3–May 10
Crocus	12 per sq ft	3-6 in	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	May 31–Jun 7
Cynoglossum (Chinese Forget-Me-Not)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Dec 4–Dec 11	Dec 11–Dec 18	Feb 24–Mar 3
Daffodil (Narcissus)	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	May 31–Jun 7
Dahlia	1 per sq ft	1-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 15–Jan 22	Apr 15–Apr 22
Delphinium	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Jan 22–Jan 29	Jun 21–Jun 28
Desert Marigold	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 24–Mar 31
Didiscus (Blue Lace Flower)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Apr 1–Apr 8
Dusty Miller	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 30–Nov 6	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 8–Apr 15
Dutch Iris	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Jul 30–Aug 6
Echinops (Globe Thistle)	~2 sq ft each	2.5-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	About a year after planting
Eryngium (Sea Holly)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 2–Oct 9	Jan 8–Jan 15	About a year after planting
Eucalyptus	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 30–Nov 6	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 18–Apr 25
Euphorbia (Snow-on-the-Mountain)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Nov 27–Dec 4	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 22–Mar 29
Feverfew	2 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	—	Either	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 22–Mar 29
Forget-Me-Not	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 26–Mar 5
Four O'Clock	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 19–Mar 26
Foxglove	1 per sq ft	2-5 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 16–Oct 23	Jan 8–Jan 15	About a year after planting
Gaillardia (Blanket Flower)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 29–Apr 5
Gazania	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 24–Mar 31
Gladiolus	2 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	Mar 18–Mar 25
Gomphrena (Globe Amaranth)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 8–Apr 15
Gypsophila (Baby's Breath)	2 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 24–Mar 31
Helipterum (Paper Daisy)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 29–Apr 5
Heuchera (Coral Bells)	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Hollyhock	~5 sq ft each	5-9 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	Jun 16–Jun 23
Honesty (Lunaria)	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	May 1–May 8
Hosta	~4 sq ft each	0.5-2.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Hyacinth	5 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	May 31–Jun 7
Hyacinth Bean Vine	1 per sq ft	6-12 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 22–Jan 29	Apr 22–Apr 29
Impatiens	2 per sq ft	0.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 23–Oct 30	Jan 15–Jan 22	Mar 31–Apr 7
Johnny Jump Up	4 per sq ft	3-10 in	—	Start indoors	Oct 23–Oct 30	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 21–Feb 28
Lantana	~7 sq ft each	1-2 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Jan 15–Jan 22	Apr 15–Apr 22
Larkspur	1 per sq ft	3-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 4–Dec 11	Mar 9–Mar 16
Lavatera (Annual Mallow)	~4 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Apr 1–Apr 8
Liatris (Blazing Star)	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Lisianthus	2 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 2–Oct 9	Jan 8–Jan 15	Jun 7–Jun 14
Lobelia	4 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Start indoors	Oct 30–Nov 6	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 29–Apr 5
Love-in-a-Mist (Nigella)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	Mar 3–Mar 10
Lupine	~2 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	Mar 8–Mar 15
Maiden Pinks	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Mallow (High Mallow)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Apr 21–Apr 28
Marigold	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 8–Jan 15	Feb 27–Mar 6
Moonflower	2 per sq ft	10-20 ft	—	Either	Nov 27–Dec 4	Jan 1–Jan 8	Apr 1–Apr 8
Morning Glory	~4 sq ft each	8-10 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 15–Jan 22	Mar 31–Apr 7
Nasturtium	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 4–Mar 11
Nicotiana (Flowering Tobacco)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 24–Mar 31
Orlaya (Laceflower)	2 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Either	Nov 27–Dec 4	Dec 25–Jan 1	Mar 25–Apr 1
Ornamental Allium	5 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Jul 15–Jul 22
Osteospermum	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 6–Nov 13	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 8–Apr 15
Pansy / Viola	2 per sq ft	6-9 in	—	Start indoors	Oct 9–Oct 16	Dec 18–Dec 25	Feb 21–Feb 28
Penstemon (Beardtongue)	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 4–Dec 11	First real harvest the season after planting
Petunia	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 30–Nov 6	Jan 15–Jan 22	Mar 26–Apr 2
Phacelia (Lacy Phacelia)	4 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 11–Dec 18	Feb 19–Feb 26
Phlox (Annual)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Either	Nov 27–Dec 4	Dec 25–Jan 1	Mar 5–Mar 12
Portulaca (Moss Rose)	1 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 9–Mar 16
Primula	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 23–Oct 30	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Purple Coneflower	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Either	Oct 30–Nov 6	Dec 11–Dec 18	About a year after planting
Ranunculus	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 25–Jan 1	Apr 9–Apr 16
Rock Soapwort	~4 sq ft each	6-9 in	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Saffron Crocus	9 per sq ft	4-10 in	—	Direct sow	—	Aug 14–Aug 21	About a year after planting
Salvia (Scarlet Sage)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 6–Nov 13	Jan 15–Jan 22	Apr 5–Apr 12
Saponaria (Soapwort)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Dec 11–Dec 18	Dec 11–Dec 18	Feb 19–Feb 26
Scabiosa (Pincushion Flower)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 8–Jan 15	May 8–May 15
Scarlet Flax	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 12–Mar 19
Scarlet Runner Bean	1 per sq ft	6-9 ft	—	Either	Dec 11–Dec 18	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 19–Mar 26
Sedum (Showy Stonecrop)	~4 sq ft each	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Shasta Daisy	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Dec 11–Dec 18	Mar 26–Apr 2
Showy Evening Primrose	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Snapdragon	2 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 30–Nov 6	Dec 25–Jan 1	Mar 25–Apr 1
Spilanthes (Toothache Plant)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 14–Mar 21
Statice	1 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 8–Jan 15	Apr 8–Apr 15
Stock	2 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 22–Mar 29
Strawflower	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 22–Mar 29
Sunflower	~2 sq ft each	3-12 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 22–Mar 29
Sweet Alyssum	3 per sq ft	3-10 in	—	Either	Nov 13–Nov 20	Jan 1–Jan 8	Feb 10–Feb 17
Sweet Annie (Artemisia)	1 per sq ft	4-6 ft	—	Either	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 1–Jan 8	Apr 11–Apr 18
Sweet Pea	2 per sq ft	5-8 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Nov 20–Nov 27	Feb 13–Feb 20
Sweet William	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 13–Nov 20	Dec 25–Jan 1	Feb 23–Mar 2
Tithonia (Mexican Sunflower)	~2 sq ft each	4-6 ft	—	Either	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 15–Jan 22	Apr 13–Apr 20
Torenia (Wishbone Flower)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 23–Oct 30	Jan 15–Jan 22	Apr 5–Apr 12
Tulip	7 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 1–Jan 8	Jun 30–Jul 7
Verbena	~2 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Oct 23–Oct 30	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 29–Apr 5
Veronica (Speedwell)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 18–Dec 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Vinca (Madagascar Periwinkle)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 23–Oct 30	Jan 15–Jan 22	Apr 5–Apr 12
Wax Begonia	2 per sq ft	0.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 9–Oct 16	Jan 15–Jan 22	Apr 15–Apr 22
Xeranthemum (Immortelle)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Nov 20–Nov 27	Jan 1–Jan 8	Mar 27–Apr 3
Yarrow	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Oct 30–Nov 6	Jan 1–Jan 8	Apr 11–Apr 18
Zinnia	1 per sq ft	1-4 ft	—	Either	Dec 4–Dec 11	Jan 8–Jan 15	Mar 14–Mar 21

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Zone 11b frost dates: when to expect the last spring frost, the first fall frost, and how long that leaves for a growing season.

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Nisaku NJP650 Hori-Hori Weeding KnifeDepth markings on the blade for planting bulbs and garlic at the right depth.Check price on Amazon →Agfabric 0.55oz Floating Row CoverLight enough to leave on through a cold night when a frost threatens early or late plantings.Check price on Amazon →FCMP Outdoor IM4000 Dual Chamber Tumbling ComposterTwo chambers, so one batch finishes while you add fall leaves and scraps to the other.Check price on Amazon →

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Zone 11a & 11b Planting Calendar

Vegetables & Herbs

Peppers

Fruit & Berries

Flowers

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