Zone 10a & 10b Planting Calendar

Every listed crop, timed for zone 10b. Zones 10a and 10b share the same average frost dates in our data, so this calendar covers both. Not sure this is your zone? Change it using the zone picker at the top of the page.

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This zone has two frost dates, so the windows below reflect both rather than a single frost date. That date is a long-term average, not a forecast: it shifts from year to year, and a microclimate within your zone (a valley, a coastline, an urban heat island) can run meaningfully earlier or later than the regional average. Use these windows as a starting point and watch your local forecast as the date approaches.

Summer heat stall: in zone 10b, summer nights commonly exceed the published pollen/fruit-set threshold for Tomato, Pepper (University of Maryland Extension, via UDel Cooperative Extension). Expect a slow patch for fruit set at the height of summer even though the plant keeps growing. It typically resumes once nights cool. USDA zones only measure winter minimums, so this calendar's windows don't otherwise account for it.

I = start indoors · S = direct sow / transplant outside · T = transplant (buy as a start). Click any column heading to sort.

Plant	Spacing	Height	Est. harvest	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Achira	~4 sq ft each	4-8 ft	~180 days		S										I
African Daisy	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~60 days	S
Ageratum (Flossflower)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days		S										I
Agrostemma (Corn Cockle)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~75 days	I/S
Amaranthus (Love-Lies-Bleeding)	1 per sq ft	3-5 ft	~90 days	S											I
Amaryllis⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~365 days		S
American Ginseng⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~1200 days	S
Ammi (False Queen Anne's Lace)	2 per sq ft	3-4 ft	~100 days	S											I
Ammobium (Winged Everlasting)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~80 days	S											I
Angelica⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~2 sq ft each	6-8 ft	~365 days	S
Angelonia (Summer Snapdragon) (Spring window)	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~98 days	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	S	S
Anise	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~130 days	S
Anise Hyssop⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~78 days	S											I
Annual Geranium (Pelargonium)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~90 days		S									I
Apple⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	15-20 ft	~1095 days	T
Apricot⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	13-16 ft	~1095 days	T
Aronia (Black Chokeberry)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	4-8 ft	~730 days	T
Artichoke (Fall window)	~5 sq ft each	3-4 ft	~95 days	S	S						I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S
Arugula	9 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~40 days												S
Asparagus (Fall window)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~4 sq ft each	4-5 ft	~730 days	S										S	S
Astilbe⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~4 sq ft each	1.5-4.5 ft	~365 days	S
Bachelor's Button (Cornflower) (Fall window)	3 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~75 days									S	S	S
Basil (Spring window)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~60 days	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Basket-of-Gold⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~365 days	S
Bee Balm (Fall window)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~100 days	T	T	T							T	T	T
Beet (Fall window)	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~55 days	I/S	S						I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Belgian Endive (Witloof)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~120 days	S
Bells of Ireland	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days	S											I
Birdhouse Gourd	~10 sq ft each	8-15 ft	~95 days		S
Black-Eyed Susan (Fall window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~70 days	I/S	S	S					I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S
Black-Eyed Susan Vine	1 per sq ft	3-8 ft	~100 days		S										I
Blackberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~9 sq ft each	5-8 ft	~730 days	T
Bleeding Heart⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~365 days	S
Blueberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	3-6 ft	~1095 days	T
Bok Choy	1 per sq ft	1 ft	~50 days	S											I
Borage	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~55 days	S
Broccoli (Fall window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~65 days	S							I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Broccoli Rabe (Raab)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~45 days	S
Broccolini	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~55 days	S											I
Brussels Sprouts (Fall window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~95 days							I	I	I/S	S	S
Bupleurum (Thoroughwax)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days	S											I
Burdock	4 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~120 days		S
Bush Beans (Monsoon window, Spring window)	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~55 days			S	S				S	S
Butterfly Weed (Asclepias)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~365 days		S										I
Cabbage (Fall window)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~70 days	S							I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Calendula (Fall window)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~50 days								I	I/S	S	S
California Bluebell	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~70 days	S
California Poppy	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~80 days	S
Calla Lily⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	2-3.5 ft	~365 days		S
Campanula (Bellflower)	2 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	~120 days		S										I
Candytuft	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~70 days	S
Cantaloupe (Spring window)	~4 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	~80 days	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Caraway⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~365 days	S
Cardoon	~4 sq ft each	3-4 ft	~120 days		S										I
Carnation⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~135 days	S											I
Carrot (Fall window)	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~70 days	S	S	S						S	S	S	S
Carthamus (Safflower)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~90 days	I/S
Castor Bean⚠ Toxic	~10 sq ft each	6-10 ft	~100 days		S
Catmint⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days		S										I
Catnip⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~80 days	S											I
Cauliflower (Fall window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~70 days	S							I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Celeriac (Celery Root)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~100 days	S										I
Celery (Fall window)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~120 days							I	I	I/S	S	S
Celosia (Spring window)	2 per sq ft	1-2.5 ft	~80 days		I	I	I/S	S	S
Celtuce (Stem Lettuce)	2 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days	I/S
Cerinthe (Honeywort)	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days	S											I
Chamomile (German) (Fall window)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~60 days	I/S	S	S					I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S
Chervil	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~60 days	S											I
China Aster	4 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~90 days		S										I
Chives (Fall window)	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~60 days	I/S	I/S	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S
Chrysanthemum (Garden Mum)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~365 days		S										I
Cilantro (Fall window)	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~50 days	S									S	S	S
Citronella Plant (Mosquito Plant)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~60 days		T
Clarkia (Farewell-to-Spring)	4 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~75 days	I/S
Claytonia (Miner's Lettuce)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	9 per sq ft	3-6 in	~40 days	S
Cleome (Spider Flower)	1 per sq ft	1.5-6 ft	~75 days		S										I
Coleus	1 per sq ft	0.5-3 ft	~75 days		S									I
Collard Greens	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~70 days	S											I
Columbine⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~365 days		S									I
Coreopsis (Tickseed) (Fall window, Spring window)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~80 days	I	I	I/S	S	S			I	I	S	S
Corn Poppy	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~90 days	S
Cosmos (Spring window)	1 per sq ft	2-6 ft	~70 days			S	S	S	S
Cranberry Hibiscus⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~4 sq ft each	3.5-6 ft	~100 days		S										I
Craspedia (Drumstick Flower)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~115 days		S										I
Crocus⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	12 per sq ft	3-6 in	~150 days	S
Cucamelon	1 per sq ft	8-13.5 ft	~70 days	I	S
Cucumber (Monsoon window, Spring window)	2 per sq ft	5-6 ft	~55 days	I	I/S	I/S	S			I	I/S	S
Cumin	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~120 days		S
Currant⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	3-5 ft	~730 days	T
Cutting Celery (Leaf Celery)	4 per sq ft	1.5 ft	~65 days	S											I
Cynoglossum (Chinese Forget-Me-Not)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~75 days	I/S
Daffodil (Narcissus)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~150 days	S
Dahlia (Spring window)	1 per sq ft	1-5 ft	~90 days		S	S	S
Daikon Radish	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~60 days	S
Dandelion (Cultivated)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~60 days	S
Delphinium (Fall window)	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	~150 days									T	T	T
Desert Marigold	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~75 days		S
Didiscus (Blue Lace Flower)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days	S
Dill (Fall window)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~55 days	S							I	I	I/S	I/S	S
Dusty Miller	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~90 days		S									I
Dutch Iris⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~210 days	S
Echinops (Globe Thistle)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~2 sq ft each	2.5-4 ft	~365 days		S										I
Edamame (Soybean) (Monsoon window, Spring window)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~85 days			S	S				S	S
Eggplant (Monsoon window, Spring window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~75 days	I	I	S	S	I	I	I/S	S	S			I
Elderberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	8-10 ft	~730 days	T
Epazote⚠ Toxic	~2 sq ft each	2-5 ft	~60 days	S
Eryngium (Sea Holly)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~365 days		S								I
Escarole (Endive)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~85 days	I/S
Eucalyptus	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~100 days		S									I
Euphorbia (Snow-on-the-Mountain)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~80 days	S											I
Fava Bean (Broad Bean)	4 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~77 days	S
Fennel (Florence/bulbing)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days		S										I
Feverfew⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	2 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	~80 days	S											I
Fig	~16 sq ft each	8-15 ft	~730 days		T
Flower Sprouts	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~100 days	S											I
Forget-Me-Not⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~70 days	S
Four O'Clock (Spring window)	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~70 days			S	S	S	S
Foxglove⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	2-5 ft	~365 days		S									I
Gai Lan (Chinese Broccoli)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~45 days	S
Gaillardia (Blanket Flower) (Fall window, Spring window)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days	S	S	S	S					S	S	S
Garlic (Fall window)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~240 days										S	S
Garlic Chives (Chinese Leeks)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days		S										I
Gazania	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~75 days		S										I
Gladiolus (Fall window)	2 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~90 days	S										S	S
Goji Berry⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	3-6 ft	~730 days	T
Goldenseal⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	1 ft	~1200 days	S
Gomphrena (Globe Amaranth) (Spring window)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~90 days	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	S	S
Gooseberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	3-4 ft	~730 days	T
Grape	~16 sq ft each	6-10 ft	~1095 days	T
Ground Cherry (Husk Cherry)	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~77 days		S										I
Gypsophila (Baby's Breath)	2 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~75 days		S										I
Helipterum (Paper Daisy)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~80 days		S										I
Heuchera (Coral Bells)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~365 days	S
Hollyhock (Fall window)	~5 sq ft each	5-9 ft	~180 days	I/S	S	S					I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S
Honesty (Lunaria)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b⚠ Spreads aggressively	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~120 days	S
Honeyberry (Haskap)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	3-6 ft	~730 days	T
Horehound⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~365 days	S
Horseradish⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~180 days		S
Hosta⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~4 sq ft each	0.5-2.5 ft	~365 days	S
Hyacinth⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	5 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~150 days	S
Hyacinth Bean Vine	1 per sq ft	6-12 ft	~90 days		S
Hyssop⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~85 days		S										I
Impatiens	2 per sq ft	0.5-2 ft	~75 days		S									I
Jicama⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	8-15 ft	~150 days		S										I
Johnny Jump Up⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	3-10 in	~65 days	S										I
Kale (Fall window)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~60 days	S							I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Kalettes	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~100 days	S											I
Kohlrabi	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~55 days	S											I
Komatsuna	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~40 days	S
Lantana	~7 sq ft each	1-2 ft	~90 days		T
Larkspur (Fall window)	1 per sq ft	3-4 ft	~95 days	S								S	S	S	S
Lavatera (Annual Mallow)	~4 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~90 days	S
Lavender (Fall window)	1 per sq ft	1-2.5 ft	~100 days	T	T	T	T						T	T	T
Leek (Fall window)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~110 days	S							I	I	I/S	I/S	S
Lemon Balm (Fall window, Spring window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~65 days		S	S	S						S	S
Lemongrass	1 per sq ft	1.5-4 ft	~100 days		T
Lettuce (Fall window)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~45 days	S							I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Liatris (Blazing Star)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	~365 days	S
Licorice Marigold	2 per sq ft	6-10 in	~60 days	S
Lima Bean	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days		S
Lingonberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~730 days	T
Lisianthus	2 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~150 days		S								I
Lobelia	4 per sq ft	4-8 in	~80 days		S									I
Lovage⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	4-6.5 ft	~90 days		S										I
Love-in-a-Mist (Nigella) (Fall window)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days	S	S	S							S	S	S
Luffa Gourd	~4 sq ft each	8-15 ft	~125 days	I	S
Lupine⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~2 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~80 days	S
Mâche (Corn Salad)	9 per sq ft	2-4 in	~50 days	S
Magenta Spreen	2 per sq ft	4-6 ft	~45 days	S
Maiden Pinks⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~365 days	S
Malabar Spinach	2 per sq ft	6-10 ft	~70 days		S										I
Mallow (High Mallow)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~110 days	S
Marigold (Fall window, Spring window)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~50 days	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	S			I	I/S	S
Marjoram (Sweet) (Fall window, Spring window)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~65 days		S	S	S						S	S
Mashua⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~2 sq ft each	2-8 ft	~210 days	S
Mauka	~10 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~150 days		S										I
Mexican Mint Marigold	2 per sq ft	1.5 ft	~75 days		S										I
Milk Thistle⚠ Spreads aggressively · Restricted in some states	~4 sq ft each	3-5 ft	~120 days	S
Mint (Spearmint) (Fall window, Spring window)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~70 days		T	T	T						T	T
Mizuna	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~40 days	S
Molokhia (Egyptian Spinach)	4 per sq ft	3-5 ft	~50 days		S
Moonflower	2 per sq ft	10-20 ft	~90 days	S											I
Morning Glory	~4 sq ft each	8-10 ft	~75 days		S
Mountain Mint⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days		S										I
Mugwort⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b⚠ Spreads aggressively	~16 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~365 days	S
Mulberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	10-20 ft	~1095 days	T
Mustard Greens	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~40 days	S
Nanking Cherry⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	8-12 ft	~1095 days	T
Napa Cabbage (Chinese Cabbage)	1 per sq ft	1 ft	~57 days	I/S
Nasturtium (Fall window)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~55 days	S									S	S	S
Nicotiana (Flowering Tobacco)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~75 days		S										I
Oca⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~210 days	S
Okra (Spring window)	1 per sq ft	5-6 ft	~58 days		I	I/S	I/S	I/S	S
Onion (Fall window)	16 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~100 days	S							I	I	I/S	I/S	S
Orach (Mountain Spinach)	4 per sq ft	3-5 ft	~45 days	S
Oregano (Fall window, Spring window)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days		S	S	S						S	S
Orlaya (Laceflower)	2 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~90 days	S											I
Ornamental Allium⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	5 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~195 days	S
Osteospermum	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~90 days		S										I
Pansy / Viola (Fall window)	2 per sq ft	6-9 in	~65 days	S							I	I	I/S	I/S	S
Parsley (Fall window)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~75 days	I/S	I/S	I/S	S			I	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S
Parsley Root (Hamburg Parsley)	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~90 days	S
Parsnip (Fall window)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~110 days									S	S	S
Pawpaw⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	15-20 ft	~1095 days	T
Pea (Fall window)	8 per sq ft	3-6 ft	~60 days	S								S	S	S	S
Peach⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	12-15 ft	~730 days	T
Peanut (Spring window)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~130 days			S	S
Pear⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	14-18 ft	~1095 days	T
Pennyroyal⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~365 days	S
Penstemon (Beardtongue)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~365 days	S
Pepper (Monsoon window, Spring window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~75 days	I	I/S	S	S	I	I	I/S	S	S			I
Petunia (Fall window)	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~70 days	I/S	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Phacelia (Lacy Phacelia)	4 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	~70 days	S
Phlox (Annual)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~70 days	S											I
Pineapple Sage	~10 sq ft each	3-5 ft	~90 days		T
Plum⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	15-18 ft	~1095 days	T
Portulaca (Moss Rose) (Spring window)	1 per sq ft	4-8 in	~60 days	I	I	I/S	I/S	S	S
Potato (Fall window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~90 days	S							I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Primula⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~365 days	S										I
Pumpkin (Spring window, Monsoon window)	~10 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	~110 days		I	S			I	I/S	S
Purple Coneflower⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~365 days	S										I
Purslane	4 per sq ft	4-8 in	~50 days	I/S
Quince⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	10-15 ft	~1095 days	T
Radicchio	2 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~75 days	I/S
Radish (Fall window)	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~25 days	S	S	S						S	S	S	S
Ranunculus (Fall window, Spring window)	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~105 days		S	S							S	S
Raspberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~4 sq ft each	5-6 ft	~730 days	T
Rhubarb⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~9 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~1095 days	S
Rock Soapwort⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~4 sq ft each	6-9 in	~365 days	S
Root Chervil⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~150 days											S
Roselle	~10 sq ft each	4-7 ft	~150 days		S										I
Rosemary (Fall window, Spring window)	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~90 days		S	S	S						S	S
Rue⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days		S										I
Rutabaga⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~90 days				S
Saffron Crocus⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	9 per sq ft	4-10 in	~365 days									S
Sage⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~75 days		S										I
Salad Burnet⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~75 days		S										I
Salsify⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~120 days	S
Saltwort	9 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~45 days	S
Salvia (Scarlet Sage) (Fall window, Spring window)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days	I	I	I/S	S	S		I	I	S	S
Saponaria (Soapwort)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~70 days	I/S
Scabiosa (Pincushion Flower)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~120 days		S										I
Scallion (Green Onion)	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~60 days	S
Scarlet Flax⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~70 days	S
Scarlet Runner Bean	1 per sq ft	6-9 ft	~70 days	I	S
Scorzonera (Black Salsify)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~120 days	S
Sea Kale⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~9 sq ft each	1.5-2.5 ft	~730 days	S
Sedum (Showy Stonecrop)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~4 sq ft each	1-2 ft	~365 days	S
Serviceberry (Juneberry)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	6-15 ft	~1095 days	T
Shallot	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~108 days	S
Shasta Daisy (Fall window)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~105 days							I	I	I	S	S
Shiso (Perilla)	4 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~82 days		S
Showy Evening Primrose⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b⚠ Spreads aggressively	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~365 days	S
Skirret⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~1 sq ft each	1.5-2.5 ft	~365 days	S											I
Snapdragon (Fall window)	2 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~90 days	S	S					I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Sorrel⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~50 days	S											I
Spilanthes (Toothache Plant)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~65 days		S										I
Spinach (Fall window)	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~40 days	S							I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Statice	1 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~90 days		S										I
Stevia (Fall window, Spring window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~90 days		T	T	T						T	T
Stock	2 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~80 days	S											I
Strawberry	1 per sq ft	6-8 in	~365 days	T
Strawflower (Fall window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~80 days	S	S						I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S
Summer Savory	4 per sq ft	5-7 in	~60 days	S											I
Summer Squash (Yellow) (Monsoon window, Spring window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~55 days	I	I/S	S				I	I/S	S
Sunchoke (Jerusalem Artichoke)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	6-10 ft	~365 days	S
Sunflower (Spring window)	~2 sq ft each	3-12 ft	~80 days		S	S	S	S	S	S	S
Superhot Pepper (Ghost, Reaper, Scorpion) (Monsoon window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~135 days					I	I	I	S	S
Sweet Alyssum (Fall window)	3 per sq ft	3-10 in	~40 days	I/S	S	S					I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S
Sweet Annie (Artemisia)	1 per sq ft	4-6 ft	~100 days	S											I
Sweet Cherry⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	16-20 ft	~1095 days	T
Sweet Corn (Spring window, Monsoon window)	1 per sq ft	5-8 ft	~75 days		S	S				S	S
Sweet Pea (Fall window)	2 per sq ft	5-8 ft	~85 days	S	S								S	S	S
Sweet Potato (Spring window)	~4 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	~110 days	I	I	I/S	I/S	S	S
Sweet William⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~60 days	S											I
Swiss Chard (Fall window)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~55 days	I/S	S						I	I/S	I/S	I/S	I/S
Tansy⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b⚠ Toxic · Restricted in some states	1 per sq ft	1-5 ft	~365 days	S
Tarragon (French) (Fall window, Spring window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~65 days			T	T						T	T
Tart Cherry⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~16 sq ft each	12-16 ft	~1095 days	T
Tatsoi	9 per sq ft	4-8 in	~45 days	S
Thyme (Fall window, Spring window)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~90 days		S	S	S						S	S
Tithonia (Mexican Sunflower)	~2 sq ft each	4-6 ft	~88 days		S										I
Tobacco⚠ Toxic · Restricted in some states	~4 sq ft each	3-10 ft	~120 days		S										I
Tomatillo	~4 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~65 days		S										I
Tomato (Monsoon window, Spring window)	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	~70 days	I	I/S	S	S	I	I	I/S	S	S			I
Torenia (Wishbone Flower)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~80 days		S									I
Tulip⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	7 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~180 days	S
Turnip (Fall window)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~50 days	S								S	S	S	S
Upland Cress	9 per sq ft	4-8 in	~50 days	S
Valerian⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~2 sq ft each	4-6.5 ft	~730 days		S										I
Vegetable Amaranth	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~40 days		S
Verbena (Fall window)	~2 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	~80 days									S	S	S
Veronica (Speedwell)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~365 days	S
Vinca (Madagascar Periwinkle) (Spring window)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days	I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S	S	S
Watercress	9 per sq ft	4-10 in	~50 days	I/S
Watermelon (Spring window)	~10 sq ft each	6-10 in	~85 days		S	S	S	S	S
Wax Begonia	2 per sq ft	0.5-2 ft	~90 days		S									I
White Sage⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~90 days	S											I
Wild Bergamot⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	~9 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~365 days	S
Winter Savory⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~90 days		S										I
Winter Squash (Spring window, Monsoon window)	~4 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	~100 days		I	S			I	I/S	S
Xeranthemum (Immortelle)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~85 days	S											I
Yacon	~4 sq ft each	4-6 ft	~210 days		S										I
Yarrow (Fall window)⚠ Not recommended for zone 10b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~100 days	I/S	S	S					I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S
Za'atar Oregano	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~90 days		S										I
Zinnia (Spring window)	1 per sq ft	1-4 ft	~65 days		I	I/S	I/S	I/S	S	S
Zucchini (Monsoon window, Spring window)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~50 days	I	I/S	S				I	I/S	S

Vegetables & Herbs

Plant	Spacing	Height	Window	Method	Start indoors	Direct sow / transplant	Est. harvest
Achira	~4 sq ft each	4-8 ft	—	Either	Dec 5–Dec 12	Feb 13–Feb 20	Aug 12–Aug 19
American Ginseng	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	May 14 '30–May 21 '30
Angelica	~2 sq ft each	6-8 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 9–Jan 16	Jan 9 '28–Jan 16 '28
Anise	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Jun 9–Jun 16
Anise Hyssop	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 19–Dec 26	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 18–Apr 25
Artichoke	~5 sq ft each	3-4 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Dec	Oct–Feb	Jan 4 '27–Jun 3 '27
Arugula	9 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 26–Jan 2 '27	Feb 4 '27–Feb 11 '27
Asparagus	~4 sq ft each	4-5 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Nov–Jan	Oct 31 '28–Jan 30 '29
Basil	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan–Jul	Feb–Aug	Apr 2–Oct 30
Beet	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Jan	Sep–Feb	Oct 26–Apr 24 '27
Belgian Endive (Witloof)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	May 30–Jun 6
Birdhouse Gourd	~10 sq ft each	8-15 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 13–Feb 20	May 19–May 26
Bok Choy	1 per sq ft	1 ft	—	Either	Dec 26–Jan 2 '27	Jan 30–Feb 6	Mar 21–Mar 28
Borage	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Mar 26–Apr 2
Broccoli	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Dec	Sep–Jan	Nov 5–Apr 6 '27
Broccoli Rabe (Raab)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 9–Jan 16	Feb 23–Mar 2
Broccolini	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 26–Jan 2 '27	Jan 30–Feb 6	Mar 26–Apr 2
Brussels Sprouts	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Jul–Sep	Sep–Nov	Dec 5–Mar 5 '27
Burdock	4 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 6–Feb 13	Jun 6–Jun 13
Bush Beans	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Monsoon window	Direct sow	—	Aug–Sep	Sep 25–Nov 24
Bush Beans	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Spring window	Direct sow	—	Mar–Apr	Apr 25–Jun 24
Cabbage	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Dec	Sep–Jan	Nov 10–Apr 11 '27
Cantaloupe	~4 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan–Jun	Feb–Jul	Apr 22–Oct 19
Caraway	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 9–Jan 16	Jan 9 '28–Jan 16 '28
Cardoon	~4 sq ft each	3-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 13–Feb 20	Jun 13–Jun 20
Carrot	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep–Mar	Nov 10–Jun 9 '27
Catmint	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	Apr 27–May 4
Catnip	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 12–Dec 19	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 20–Apr 27
Cauliflower	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Dec	Sep–Jan	Nov 10–Apr 11 '27
Celeriac (Celery Root)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 21–Nov 28	Jan 16–Jan 23	Apr 26–May 3
Celery	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Jul–Sep	Sep–Nov	Dec 30–Mar 30 '27
Celtuce (Stem Lettuce)	2 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Jan 2–Jan 9	Jan 9–Jan 16	Mar 30–Apr 6
Chamomile (German)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Jan	Oct–Mar	Nov 30–May 30 '27
Chervil	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 5–Dec 12	Jan 16–Jan 23	Mar 17–Mar 24
Chives	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Feb	Oct–Apr	Nov 30–Jun 29 '27
Cilantro	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Oct–Jan	Nov 20–Mar 22 '27
Citronella Plant (Mosquito Plant)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Feb 6–Feb 13	Apr 7–Apr 14
Claytonia (Miner's Lettuce)	9 per sq ft	3-6 in	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Mar 11–Mar 18
Collard Greens	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 12–Dec 19	Jan 9–Jan 16	Mar 20–Mar 27
Cucamelon	1 per sq ft	8-13.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 2–Jan 9	Feb 13–Feb 20	Apr 24–May 1
Cucumber	2 per sq ft	5-6 ft	Monsoon window	Start indoors	Jul–Aug	Aug–Sep	Sep 25–Nov 24
Cucumber	2 per sq ft	5-6 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan–Mar	Feb–Apr	Mar 28–Jun 24
Cumin	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 20–Feb 27	Jun 20–Jun 27
Cutting Celery (Leaf Celery)	4 per sq ft	1.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 5–Dec 12	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 5–Apr 12
Daikon Radish	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Mar 31–Apr 7
Dandelion (Cultivated)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Mar 31–Apr 7
Dill	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Nov	Oct–Jan	Nov 25–Mar 27 '27
Edamame (Soybean)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Monsoon window	Direct sow	—	Aug–Sep	Oct 25–Dec 24
Edamame (Soybean)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Spring window	Direct sow	—	Mar–Apr	May 25–Jul 24
Eggplant	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Monsoon window	Start indoors	May–Jul	Jul–Sep	Sep 14–Dec 14
Eggplant	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Dec–Feb	Mar–Apr	May 15–Jul 14
Epazote	~2 sq ft each	2-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Mar 31–Apr 7
Escarole (Endive)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Jan 2–Jan 9	Jan 16–Jan 23	Apr 11–Apr 18
Fava Bean (Broad Bean)	4 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 9–Jan 16	Mar 27–Apr 3
Fennel (Florence/bulbing)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 26–Jan 2 '27	Feb 13–Feb 20	May 14–May 21
Flower Sprouts	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 19–Dec 26	Jan 16–Jan 23	Apr 26–May 3
Gai Lan (Chinese Broccoli)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Mar 2–Mar 9
Garlic	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Oct–Nov	May 29 '27–Jul 28 '27
Garlic Chives (Chinese Leeks)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	Apr 27–May 4
Goldenseal	4 per sq ft	1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	May 14 '30–May 21 '30
Ground Cherry (Husk Cherry)	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 20–Feb 27	May 8–May 15
Horehound	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Jan 16 '28–Jan 23 '28
Horseradish	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 6–Feb 13	Aug 5–Aug 12
Hyssop	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Dec 5–Dec 12	Feb 6–Feb 13	May 2–May 9
Jicama	1 per sq ft	8-15 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 19–Dec 26	Feb 13–Feb 20	Jul 13–Jul 20
Kale	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Dec	Sep–Jan	Oct 31–Apr 1 '27
Kalettes	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 19–Dec 26	Jan 16–Jan 23	Apr 26–May 3
Kohlrabi	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 26–Jan 2 '27	Jan 16–Jan 23	Mar 12–Mar 19
Komatsuna	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Feb 25–Mar 4
Lavender	1 per sq ft	1-2.5 ft	Fall window	Buy as a start	—	Oct–Apr	Jan 9 '27–Aug 8 '27
Leek	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Nov	Oct–Jan	Jan 19 '27–May 21 '27
Lemon Balm	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	—	Oct–Nov	Dec 5–Feb 3 '27
Lemon Balm	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	—	Feb–Apr	Apr 7–Jul 4
Lemongrass	1 per sq ft	1.5-4 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Feb 6–Feb 13	May 17–May 24
Lettuce	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Dec	Sep–Jan	Oct 16–Mar 17 '27
Licorice Marigold	2 per sq ft	6-10 in	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Mar 31–Apr 7
Lima Bean	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 20–Feb 27	May 6–May 13
Lovage	1 per sq ft	4-6.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	May 7–May 14
Luffa Gourd	~4 sq ft each	8-15 ft	—	Either	Jan 2–Jan 9	Feb 6–Feb 13	Jun 11–Jun 18
Mâche (Corn Salad)	9 per sq ft	2-4 in	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 2–Jan 9	Feb 21–Feb 28
Magenta Spreen	2 per sq ft	4-6 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 9–Jan 16	Feb 23–Mar 2
Malabar Spinach	2 per sq ft	6-10 ft	—	Either	Dec 19–Dec 26	Feb 6–Feb 13	Apr 17–Apr 24
Marjoram (Sweet)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	—	Oct–Nov	Dec 5–Feb 3 '27
Marjoram (Sweet)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	—	Feb–Apr	Apr 7–Jul 4
Mashua	~2 sq ft each	2-8 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Aug 28–Sep 4
Mauka	~10 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 19–Dec 26	Feb 13–Feb 20	Jul 13–Jul 20
Mexican Mint Marigold	2 per sq ft	1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	Apr 22–Apr 29
Milk Thistle	~4 sq ft each	3-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	May 16–May 23
Mint (Spearmint)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Buy as a start	—	Oct–Nov	Dec 10–Feb 8 '27
Mint (Spearmint)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Spring window	Buy as a start	—	Feb–Apr	Apr 12–Jul 9
Mizuna	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 9–Jan 16	Feb 18–Feb 25
Molokhia (Egyptian Spinach)	4 per sq ft	3-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 13–Feb 20	Apr 4–Apr 11
Mountain Mint	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	May 7–May 14
Mugwort	~16 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Jan 30 '28–Feb 6 '28
Mustard Greens	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 9–Jan 16	Feb 18–Feb 25
Napa Cabbage (Chinese Cabbage)	1 per sq ft	1 ft	—	Either	Jan 2–Jan 9	Jan 30–Feb 6	Mar 28–Apr 4
Oca	1 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Aug 28–Sep 4
Okra	1 per sq ft	5-6 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Feb–May	Mar–Jun	Apr 28–Aug 27
Onion	16 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Nov	Oct–Jan	Jan 9 '27–May 11 '27
Orach (Mountain Spinach)	4 per sq ft	3-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Mar 2–Mar 9
Oregano	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	—	Oct–Nov	Dec 20–Feb 18 '27
Oregano	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	—	Feb–Apr	Apr 22–Jul 19
Parsley	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Jul–Mar	Oct–Apr	Dec 15–Jul 14 '27
Parsley Root (Hamburg Parsley)	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 30–May 7
Parsnip	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep–Nov	Dec 20–Mar 20 '27
Pea	8 per sq ft	3-6 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep–Jan	Oct 31–Apr 1 '27
Peanut	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Spring window	Direct sow	—	Mar–Apr	Jul 9–Sep 7
Pennyroyal	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Jan 30 '28–Feb 6 '28
Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	Monsoon window	Start indoors	May–Jul	Jul–Sep	Sep 14–Dec 14
Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Dec–Feb	Feb–Apr	Apr 17–Jul 14
Pineapple Sage	~10 sq ft each	3-5 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Feb 6–Feb 13	May 7–May 14
Potato	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Dec	Sep–Jan	Nov 30–May 1 '27
Pumpkin	~10 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Feb	Mar	Jun 19–Jul 19
Pumpkin	~10 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	Monsoon window	Start indoors	Jun–Jul	Jul–Aug	Oct 19–Dec 19
Purslane	4 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Either	Jan 9–Jan 16	Jan 30–Feb 6	Mar 21–Mar 28
Radicchio	2 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Either	Jan 2–Jan 9	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 15–Apr 22
Radish	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep–Mar	Sep 26–Apr 25 '27
Rhubarb	~9 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Jan 15 '30–Jan 22 '30
Root Chervil	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Nov 7–Nov 14	Apr 6 '27–Apr 13 '27
Roselle	~10 sq ft each	4-7 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 5–Dec 12	Feb 13–Feb 20	Jul 13–Jul 20
Rosemary	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	—	Oct–Nov	Dec 30–Feb 28 '27
Rosemary	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	—	Feb–Apr	May 2–Jul 29
Rue	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	May 7–May 14
Rutabaga	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 3–Apr 10	Jul 2–Jul 9
Sage	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 5–Dec 12	Feb 13–Feb 20	Apr 29–May 6
Salad Burnet	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	Apr 22–Apr 29
Salsify	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	May 30–Jun 6
Saltwort	9 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Mar 16–Mar 23
Scallion (Green Onion)	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Mar 17–Mar 24
Scorzonera (Black Salsify)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	May 30–Jun 6
Sea Kale	~9 sq ft each	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Jan 15 '29–Jan 22 '29
Shallot	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 9–Jan 16	Apr 27–May 4
Shiso (Perilla)	4 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 6–Feb 13	Apr 29–May 6
Skirret	~1 sq ft each	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 5–Dec 12	Jan 30–Feb 6	Jan 30 '28–Feb 6 '28
Sorrel	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Dec 26–Jan 2 '27	Jan 16–Jan 23	Mar 7–Mar 14
Spinach	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Dec	Sep–Jan	Oct 11–Mar 12 '27
Stevia	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	Fall window	Buy as a start	—	Oct–Nov	Dec 30–Feb 28 '27
Stevia	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	Spring window	Buy as a start	—	Feb–Apr	May 2–Jul 29
Summer Savory	4 per sq ft	5-7 in	—	Either	Dec 19–Dec 26	Jan 30–Feb 6	Mar 31–Apr 7
Summer Squash (Yellow)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Monsoon window	Start indoors	Jul–Aug	Aug–Sep	Sep 25–Nov 24
Summer Squash (Yellow)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan–Feb	Feb–Mar	Mar 28–May 25
Sunchoke (Jerusalem Artichoke)	~16 sq ft each	6-10 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Jan 16 '28–Jan 23 '28
Superhot Pepper (Ghost, Reaper, Scorpion)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Monsoon window	Start indoors	May–Jul	Aug–Sep	Dec 14–Feb 12 '27
Sweet Corn	1 per sq ft	5-8 ft	Spring window	Direct sow	—	Feb–Mar	Apr 17–Jun 14
Sweet Corn	1 per sq ft	5-8 ft	Monsoon window	Direct sow	—	Jul–Aug	Sep 14–Nov 14
Sweet Potato	~4 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan–Apr	Mar–Jun	Jun 19–Oct 18
Swiss Chard	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Jan	Sep–Feb	Oct 26–Apr 24 '27
Tansy	1 per sq ft	1-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Jan 16 '28–Jan 23 '28
Tarragon (French)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	Fall window	Buy as a start	—	Oct–Nov	Dec 5–Feb 3 '27
Tarragon (French)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	Spring window	Buy as a start	—	Mar–Apr	May 5–Jul 4
Tatsoi	9 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 9–Jan 16	Feb 23–Mar 2
Thyme	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	—	Oct–Nov	Dec 30–Feb 28 '27
Thyme	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	—	Feb–Apr	May 2–Jul 29
Tobacco	~4 sq ft each	3-10 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 5–Dec 12	Feb 13–Feb 20	Jun 13–Jun 20
Tomatillo	~4 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 20–Feb 27	Apr 26–May 3
Tomato	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	Monsoon window	Start indoors	May–Jul	Jul–Sep	Sep 9–Dec 9
Tomato	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Dec–Feb	Feb–Apr	Apr 12–Jul 9
Turnip	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep–Jan	Oct 21–Mar 22 '27
Upland Cress	9 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 23–Jan 30	Mar 14–Mar 21
Valerian	~2 sq ft each	4-6.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 19–Dec 26	Feb 6–Feb 13	Feb 5 '29–Feb 12 '29
Vegetable Amaranth	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 13–Feb 20	Mar 25–Apr 1
Watercress	9 per sq ft	4-10 in	—	Either	Jan 9–Jan 16	Jan 16–Jan 23	Mar 7–Mar 14
Watermelon	~10 sq ft each	6-10 in	Spring window	Direct sow	—	Feb–Jun	Apr 27–Sep 23
White Sage	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 5–Dec 12	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 30–May 7
Wild Bergamot	~9 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 2–Jan 9	Jan 2 '28–Jan 9 '28
Winter Savory	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	May 7–May 14
Winter Squash	~4 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Feb	Mar	Jun 9–Jul 9
Winter Squash	~4 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	Monsoon window	Start indoors	Jun–Jul	Jul–Aug	Oct 9–Dec 9
Yacon	~4 sq ft each	4-6 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 5–Dec 12	Feb 20–Feb 27	Sep 18–Sep 25
Za'atar Oregano	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 5–Dec 12	Feb 13–Feb 20	May 14–May 21
Zucchini	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	Monsoon window	Start indoors	Jul–Aug	Aug–Sep	Sep 20–Nov 19
Zucchini	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan–Feb	Feb–Mar	Mar 23–May 20

Fruit & Berries

These stay in the ground for years. The planting window is when to put a bare-root or potted plant in, and the last column is how long before it crops properly rather than a harvest date.

Plant	Space needed	Height	Hardy zones	Plant out	First real harvest
Apple	~18 ft across	15-20 ft	3–8	Jan 16–Jan 23	First real harvest in year 4
Apricot	~16 ft across	13-16 ft	5–8	Jan 16–Jan 23	First real harvest in year 4
Aronia (Black Chokeberry)	~5 ft across	4-8 ft	3–8	Jan 16–Jan 23	First real harvest in year 3
Blackberry	~3 ft across	5-8 ft	5–9	Jan 2–Jan 9	First real harvest the season after planting
Blueberry	~4 ft across	3-6 ft	3–8	Jan 2–Jan 9	First real harvest in year 3
Currant	~4 ft across	3-5 ft	3–8	Jan 2–Jan 9	First real harvest the season after planting
Elderberry	~7 ft across	8-10 ft	3–9	Jan 16–Jan 23	First real harvest in year 3
Fig	~8 ft across	8-15 ft	7–11	Feb 13–Feb 20	First real harvest the season after planting
Goji Berry	~5 ft across	3-6 ft	4–7	Jan 16–Jan 23	First real harvest in year 3
Gooseberry	~4 ft across	3-4 ft	3–8	Jan 2–Jan 9	First real harvest the season after planting
Grape	~8 ft across	6-10 ft	4–10	Jan 9–Jan 16	First real harvest in year 3
Honeyberry (Haskap)	~4 ft across	3-6 ft	2–7	Jan 16–Jan 23	First real harvest in year 3
Lingonberry	~2 ft across	0.5-1.5 ft	3–7	Jan 16–Jan 23	First real harvest in year 3
Mulberry	~8 ft across	10-20 ft	4–9	Jan 30–Feb 6	First real harvest in year 4
Nanking Cherry	~8 ft across	8-12 ft	2–7	Jan 2–Jan 9	First real harvest in year 4
Pawpaw	~8 ft across	15-20 ft	5–9	Jan 30–Feb 6	First real harvest in year 5
Peach	~18 ft across	12-15 ft	5–9	Jan 16–Jan 23	First real harvest in year 4
Pear	~15 ft across	14-18 ft	4–8	Jan 16–Jan 23	First real harvest in year 5
Plum	~16 ft across	15-18 ft	4–8	Jan 16–Jan 23	First real harvest in year 5
Quince	~8 ft across	10-15 ft	5–9	Jan 30–Feb 6	First real harvest in year 4
Raspberry	~2 ft across	5-6 ft	3–8	Jan 2–Jan 9	First real harvest the season after planting
Serviceberry (Juneberry)	~8 ft across	6-15 ft	3–8	Jan 16–Jan 23	First real harvest in year 4
Strawberry	~1 ft across	6-8 in	3–10	Jan 9–Jan 16	First real harvest the season after planting
Sweet Cherry	~18 ft across	16-20 ft	5–8	Jan 16–Jan 23	First real harvest in year 5
Tart Cherry	~15 ft across	12-16 ft	4–8	Jan 16–Jan 23	First real harvest in year 4

Flowers

Plant	Spacing	Height	Window	Method	Start indoors	Direct sow / transplant	Est. bloom
African Daisy	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Mar 31–Apr 7
Ageratum (Flossflower)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	Apr 22–Apr 29
Agrostemma (Corn Cockle)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Jan 2–Jan 9	Jan 16–Jan 23	Apr 1–Apr 8
Amaranthus (Love-Lies-Bleeding)	1 per sq ft	3-5 ft	—	Either	Dec 26–Jan 2 '27	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 30–May 7
Amaryllis	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 6–Feb 13	Feb 6 '28–Feb 13 '28
Ammi (False Queen Anne's Lace)	2 per sq ft	3-4 ft	—	Either	Dec 26–Jan 2 '27	Jan 30–Feb 6	May 10–May 17
Ammobium (Winged Everlasting)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 19–Dec 26	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 20–Apr 27
Angelonia (Summer Snapdragon)	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan–May	Mar–Jul	Jun 7–Nov 6
Annual Geranium (Pelargonium)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 28–Dec 5	Feb 6–Feb 13	May 7–May 14
Astilbe	~4 sq ft each	1.5-4.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Jan 16 '28–Jan 23 '28
Bachelor's Button (Cornflower)	3 per sq ft	1-3 ft	Fall window	Either	—	Sep–Nov	Nov 15–Feb 13 '27
Basket-of-Gold	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Jan 16 '28–Jan 23 '28
Bee Balm	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	Fall window	Buy as a start	—	Oct–Mar	Jan 9 '27–Jul 9 '27
Bells of Ireland	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 12–Dec 19	Jan 23–Jan 30	Apr 23–Apr 30
Black-Eyed Susan	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Jan	Oct–Mar	Dec 10–Jun 9 '27
Black-Eyed Susan Vine	1 per sq ft	3-8 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 19–Dec 26	Feb 13–Feb 20	May 24–May 31
Bleeding Heart	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 2–Jan 9	Jan 2 '28–Jan 9 '28
Bupleurum (Thoroughwax)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 12–Dec 19	Jan 16–Jan 23	Apr 16–Apr 23
Butterfly Weed (Asclepias)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 5–Dec 12	Feb 6–Feb 13	Feb 6 '28–Feb 13 '28
Calendula	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Sep	Sep–Nov	Oct 21–Jan 19 '27
California Bluebell	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 10–Apr 17
California Poppy	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Apr 6–Apr 13
Calla Lily	1 per sq ft	2-3.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 6–Feb 13	Feb 6 '28–Feb 13 '28
Campanula (Bellflower)	2 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	Jun 6–Jun 13
Candytuft	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Mar 27–Apr 3
Carnation	4 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Jan 23–Jan 30	Jun 7–Jun 14
Carthamus (Safflower)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Jan 2–Jan 9	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 30–May 7
Castor Bean	~10 sq ft each	6-10 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 6–Feb 13	May 17–May 24
Celosia	2 per sq ft	1-2.5 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Feb–Apr	Apr–Jun	Jun 20–Sep 18
Cerinthe (Honeywort)	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Dec 19–Dec 26	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 15–Apr 22
China Aster	4 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	May 7–May 14
Chrysanthemum (Garden Mum)	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 5–Dec 12	Feb 13–Feb 20	Feb 13 '28–Feb 20 '28
Clarkia (Farewell-to-Spring)	4 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Either	Jan 2–Jan 9	Jan 9–Jan 16	Mar 25–Apr 1
Cleome (Spider Flower)	1 per sq ft	1.5-6 ft	—	Either	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 13–Feb 20	Apr 29–May 6
Coleus	1 per sq ft	0.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 21–Nov 28	Feb 13–Feb 20	Apr 29–May 6
Columbine	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 28–Dec 5	Feb 6–Feb 13	Feb 6 '28–Feb 13 '28
Coreopsis (Tickseed)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Sep	Oct–Nov	Dec 20–Feb 18 '27
Coreopsis (Tickseed)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan–Mar	Mar–May	May 20–Aug 19
Corn Poppy	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Apr 16–Apr 23
Cosmos	1 per sq ft	2-6 ft	Spring window	Either	—	Mar–Jun	May 10–Sep 8
Cranberry Hibiscus	~4 sq ft each	3.5-6 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	May 17–May 24
Craspedia (Drumstick Flower)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	Jun 1–Jun 8
Crocus	12 per sq ft	3-6 in	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Jun 29–Jul 6
Cynoglossum (Chinese Forget-Me-Not)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Jan 2–Jan 9	Jan 9–Jan 16	Mar 25–Apr 1
Daffodil (Narcissus)	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Jun 29–Jul 6
Dahlia	1 per sq ft	1-5 ft	Spring window	Direct sow	—	Feb–Apr	May 2–Jul 29
Delphinium	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	Fall window	Buy as a start	—	Sep–Nov	Jan 29 '27–Apr 29 '27
Desert Marigold	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 6–Feb 13	Apr 22–Apr 29
Didiscus (Blue Lace Flower)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 30–May 7
Dusty Miller	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 28–Dec 5	Feb 6–Feb 13	May 7–May 14
Dutch Iris	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Aug 28–Sep 4
Echinops (Globe Thistle)	~2 sq ft each	2.5-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	Feb 6 '28–Feb 13 '28
Eryngium (Sea Holly)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 31–Nov 7	Feb 6–Feb 13	Feb 6 '28–Feb 13 '28
Eucalyptus	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 28–Dec 5	Feb 6–Feb 13	May 17–May 24
Euphorbia (Snow-on-the-Mountain)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 26–Jan 2 '27	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 20–Apr 27
Feverfew	2 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 19–Dec 26	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 20–Apr 27
Forget-Me-Not	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Mar 27–Apr 3
Four O'Clock	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	Spring window	Direct sow	—	Mar–Jun	May 10–Sep 8
Foxglove	1 per sq ft	2-5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 14–Nov 21	Feb 6–Feb 13	Feb 6 '28–Feb 13 '28
Gaillardia (Blanket Flower)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Either	—	Sep–Nov	Nov 20–Feb 18 '27
Gaillardia (Blanket Flower)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Spring window	Either	—	Jan–Apr	Mar 22–Jul 19
Gazania	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 19–Dec 26	Feb 6–Feb 13	Apr 22–Apr 29
Gladiolus	2 per sq ft	2-4 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Nov–Jan	Jan 30 '27–May 1 '27
Gomphrena (Globe Amaranth)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan–May	Mar–Jul	May 30–Oct 29
Gypsophila (Baby's Breath)	2 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	Apr 22–Apr 29
Helipterum (Paper Daisy)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	Apr 27–May 4
Heuchera (Coral Bells)	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Jan 16 '28–Jan 23 '28
Hollyhock	~5 sq ft each	5-9 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Jan	Oct–Mar	Mar 30 '27–Sep 27 '27
Honesty (Lunaria)	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	May 30–Jun 6
Hosta	~4 sq ft each	0.5-2.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Jan 16 '28–Jan 23 '28
Hyacinth	5 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Jun 29–Jul 6
Hyacinth Bean Vine	1 per sq ft	6-12 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 20–Feb 27	May 21–May 28
Impatiens	2 per sq ft	0.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 21–Nov 28	Feb 13–Feb 20	Apr 29–May 6
Johnny Jump Up	4 per sq ft	3-10 in	—	Start indoors	Nov 21–Nov 28	Jan 16–Jan 23	Mar 22–Mar 29
Lantana	~7 sq ft each	1-2 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Feb 13–Feb 20	May 14–May 21
Larkspur	1 per sq ft	3-4 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep–Jan	Dec 5–May 6 '27
Lavatera (Annual Mallow)	~4 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 30–May 7
Liatris (Blazing Star)	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Jan 16 '28–Jan 23 '28
Lisianthus	2 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Oct 31–Nov 7	Feb 6–Feb 13	Jul 6–Jul 13
Lobelia	4 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Start indoors	Nov 28–Dec 5	Feb 6–Feb 13	Apr 27–May 4
Love-in-a-Mist (Nigella)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Oct–Mar	Dec 15–Jun 14 '27
Lupine	~2 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Apr 6–Apr 13
Maiden Pinks	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Jan 16 '28–Jan 23 '28
Mallow (High Mallow)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	May 20–May 27
Marigold	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Sep	Sep–Oct	Oct 21–Dec 20
Marigold	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan–Apr	Feb–May	Mar 23–Jul 20
Moonflower	2 per sq ft	10-20 ft	—	Either	Dec 26–Jan 2 '27	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 30–May 7
Morning Glory	~4 sq ft each	8-10 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 13–Feb 20	Apr 29–May 6
Nasturtium	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Oct–Jan	Nov 25–Mar 27 '27
Nicotiana (Flowering Tobacco)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 19–Dec 26	Feb 6–Feb 13	Apr 22–Apr 29
Orlaya (Laceflower)	2 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 26–Jan 2 '27	Jan 23–Jan 30	Apr 23–Apr 30
Ornamental Allium	5 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Aug 13–Aug 20
Osteospermum	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 5–Dec 12	Feb 6–Feb 13	May 7–May 14
Pansy / Viola	2 per sq ft	6-9 in	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Nov	Oct–Jan	Dec 5–Apr 6 '27
Penstemon (Beardtongue)	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 2–Jan 9	Jan 2 '28–Jan 9 '28
Petunia	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Jul–Jan	Sep–Mar	Nov 10–Jun 9 '27
Phacelia (Lacy Phacelia)	4 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 9–Jan 16	Mar 20–Mar 27
Phlox (Annual)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 26–Jan 2 '27	Jan 23–Jan 30	Apr 3–Apr 10
Portulaca (Moss Rose)	1 per sq ft	4-8 in	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan–Apr	Mar–Jun	Apr 30–Aug 29
Primula	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 21–Nov 28	Jan 16–Jan 23	Jan 16 '28–Jan 23 '28
Purple Coneflower	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Either	Nov 28–Dec 5	Jan 9–Jan 16	Jan 9 '28–Jan 16 '28
Ranunculus	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Oct–Nov	Jan 14 '27–Mar 15 '27
Ranunculus	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Spring window	Direct sow	—	Feb–Mar	May 17–Jul 14
Rock Soapwort	~4 sq ft each	6-9 in	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Jan 16 '28–Jan 23 '28
Saffron Crocus	9 per sq ft	4-10 in	—	Direct sow	—	Sep 12–Sep 19	Sep 12 '27–Sep 19 '27
Salvia (Scarlet Sage)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Jul–Aug	Sep–Oct	Nov 20–Jan 19 '27
Salvia (Scarlet Sage)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan–Mar	Mar–May	May 20–Aug 19
Saponaria (Soapwort)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Jan 9–Jan 16	Jan 9–Jan 16	Mar 20–Mar 27
Scabiosa (Pincushion Flower)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Feb 6–Feb 13	Jun 6–Jun 13
Scarlet Flax	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 10–Apr 17
Scarlet Runner Bean	1 per sq ft	6-9 ft	—	Either	Jan 9–Jan 16	Feb 6–Feb 13	Apr 17–Apr 24
Sedum (Showy Stonecrop)	~4 sq ft each	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Jan 16 '28–Jan 23 '28
Shasta Daisy	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Jul–Sep	Oct–Nov	Jan 14 '27–Mar 15 '27
Showy Evening Primrose	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Jan 30 '28–Feb 6 '28
Snapdragon	2 per sq ft	1-3 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Jul–Dec	Sep–Feb	Nov 30–May 29 '27
Spilanthes (Toothache Plant)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Dec 19–Dec 26	Feb 6–Feb 13	Apr 12–Apr 19
Statice	1 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 19–Dec 26	Feb 6–Feb 13	May 7–May 14
Stock	2 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 19–Dec 26	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 20–Apr 27
Strawflower	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Dec	Oct–Feb	Dec 20–May 19 '27
Sunflower	~2 sq ft each	3-12 ft	Spring window	Direct sow	—	Feb–Aug	Apr 22–Nov 19
Sweet Alyssum	3 per sq ft	3-10 in	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Jan	Oct–Mar	Nov 10–May 10 '27
Sweet Annie (Artemisia)	1 per sq ft	4-6 ft	—	Either	Dec 19–Dec 26	Jan 30–Feb 6	May 10–May 17
Sweet Pea	2 per sq ft	5-8 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Oct–Feb	Dec 25–May 24 '27
Sweet William	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 12–Dec 19	Jan 23–Jan 30	Mar 24–Mar 31
Tithonia (Mexican Sunflower)	~2 sq ft each	4-6 ft	—	Either	Dec 19–Dec 26	Feb 13–Feb 20	May 12–May 19
Torenia (Wishbone Flower)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 21–Nov 28	Feb 13–Feb 20	May 4–May 11
Tulip	7 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 30–Feb 6	Jul 29–Aug 5
Verbena	~2 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Either	—	Sep–Nov	Nov 20–Feb 18 '27
Veronica (Speedwell)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 16–Jan 23	Jan 16 '28–Jan 23 '28
Vinca (Madagascar Periwinkle)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan–May	Mar–Jul	May 20–Oct 19
Wax Begonia	2 per sq ft	0.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 7–Nov 14	Feb 13–Feb 20	May 14–May 21
Xeranthemum (Immortelle)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Dec 19–Dec 26	Jan 30–Feb 6	Apr 25–May 2
Yarrow	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Jan	Oct–Mar	Jan 9 '27–Jul 9 '27
Zinnia	1 per sq ft	1-4 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Feb–May	Mar–Jul	May 5–Oct 4

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Zone 10b frost dates: when to expect the last spring frost, the first fall frost, and how long that leaves for a growing season.

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