Zone 9a & 9b Planting Calendar

Every listed crop, timed for zone 9b. Zones 9a and 9b share the same average frost dates, so this calendar covers both. Not sure this is your zone? Change it using the zone picker at the top of the page.

What to plant each month in zone 9: January · February · March · August · September · October · November · December

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This zone has a single frost date, and the windows below are based on it. That date is a long-term average, not a forecast: it shifts from year to year, and a microclimate within your zone (a valley, a coastline, an urban heat island) can run meaningfully earlier or later than the regional average. Use these windows as a starting point and watch your local forecast as the date approaches.

Summer heat stall: in zone 9b, summer nights commonly exceed the published pollen/fruit-set threshold for Tomato, Bell Pepper, Cubanelle Pepper, Italian Frying Pepper (Corno di Toro, Marconi), Pimento Pepper, Sweet Banana Pepper, Shishito Pepper, Padrón Pepper, Mini Sweet Pepper (Snacking), Sweet Cherry Pepper, Poblano Pepper (Ancho), Anaheim Pepper (New Mexico, Hatch), Pasilla Pepper (Chilaca), Guajillo Pepper (Mirasol), Hungarian Wax Pepper, Jalapeño Pepper, Fresno Pepper, Serrano Pepper, Cayenne Pepper, Chile de Árbol Pepper, Thai Chili Pepper (Bird's Eye) (University of Maryland Extension, via UDel Cooperative Extension). Expect a slow patch for fruit set at the height of summer even though the plant keeps growing. It typically resumes once nights cool. USDA zones only measure winter minimums, so this calendar's windows don't otherwise account for it.

I = start indoors · S = direct sow / transplant outside · T = transplant (buy as a start). Click any column heading to sort.

Plant	Spacing	Height	Est. harvest	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
7 Pot Douglah Pepper (Chocolate 7 Pot)	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	~95 days			S						I
7 Pot Primo Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	~110 days			S						I
Achira	~4 sq ft each	4-8 ft	~180 days			S							I
African Daisy	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~60 days		S
Ageratum (Flossflower)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days		S								I
Agrostemma (Corn Cockle)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~75 days	I	S
Aji Amarillo Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	~90 days			S							I
Amaranthus (Love-Lies-Bleeding)	1 per sq ft	3-5 ft	~90 days	I	S
Amaryllis⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S
American Ginseng⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~1200 days after direct-sowing		S
Ammi (False Queen Anne's Lace)	2 per sq ft	3-4 ft	~100 days	I	S
Ammobium (Winged Everlasting)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~80 days	I	S
Anaheim Pepper (New Mexico, Hatch)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~78 days			S							I
Angelica	~2 sq ft each	6-8 ft	~365 days after direct-sowing	S
Angelonia (Summer Snapdragon)	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~98 days			S							I
Anise	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~130 days		S
Anise Hyssop	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~78 days	I	S
Annual Geranium (Pelargonium)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~90 days		S								I
Apple⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~16 sq ft each	15-20 ft	First real harvest in year 4		T
Apricot⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~16 sq ft each	13-16 ft	First real harvest in year 4		T
Aronia (Black Chokeberry)⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~16 sq ft each	4-8 ft	First real harvest in year 3		T
Artichoke	~5 sq ft each	3-4 ft	~95 days	S									I
Arugula	9 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~40 days	S
Asparagus	~4 sq ft each	4-5 ft	First real harvest in year 3		S
Astilbe	~4 sq ft each	1.5-4.5 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S
Bachelor's Button (Cornflower)	3 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~75 days		S								I
Basil	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~60 days	I		S
Basket-of-Gold⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S
Bee Balm	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~100 days			T
Beet (Spring window, Fall window)	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~55 days	S						S
Belgian Endive (Witloof)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~120 days		S
Bell Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~75 days			S							I
Bells of Ireland	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days		S								I
Birdhouse Gourd	~10 sq ft each	8-15 ft	~95 days			S
Black-Eyed Susan	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~70 days	S									I
Black-Eyed Susan Vine	1 per sq ft	3-8 ft	~100 days	I		S
Blackberry	~9 sq ft each	5-8 ft	First real harvest the season after planting	T
Bleeding Heart	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	First real harvest the season after planting	S
Blueberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~16 sq ft each	3-6 ft	First real harvest in year 3	T
Bok Choy	1 per sq ft	1 ft	~50 days	I	S
Borage	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~55 days		S
Broccoli (Spring window, Fall window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~65 days	I	S				I	S
Broccoli Rabe (Raab)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~45 days	S
Broccolini	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~55 days	I	S
Brussels Sprouts (Spring window, Fall window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~95 days	I	S			I	S
Bupleurum (Thoroughwax)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days		S								I
Burdock	4 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~120 days		S
Bush Beans (Spring window, Fall window)	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~55 days		S					S
Butterfly Weed (Asclepias)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~365 days after transplanting		S								I
Cabbage (Spring window, Fall window)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~70 days	I	S				I	S
Calendula	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~50 days		S								I
California Bluebell	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~70 days		S
California Poppy	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~80 days		S
Calla Lily⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	2-3.5 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S
Campanula (Bellflower)	2 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	~120 days		S								I
Candytuft	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~70 days		S
Cantaloupe	~4 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	~80 days	I		S
Caraway⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~365 days after direct-sowing	S
Cardoon	~4 sq ft each	3-4 ft	~120 days			S							I
Carnation	4 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~135 days		S								I
Carolina Reaper Pepper	~4 sq ft each	4-5 ft	~115 days			S						I
Carrot (Spring window, Fall window)	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~70 days	S						S
Carthamus (Safflower)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~90 days	I	S
Castor Bean⚠ Toxic	~10 sq ft each	6-10 ft	~100 days		S
Catmint⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days		S								I
Catnip	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~80 days		S								I
Cauliflower (Spring window, Fall window)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~70 days	I	S				I	S
Cayenne Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~70 days			S							I
Celeriac (Celery Root)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~100 days		S								I
Celery	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~120 days		S								I
Celosia	2 per sq ft	1-2.5 ft	~80 days		S								I
Celtuce (Stem Lettuce)	2 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days	I/S
Cerinthe (Honeywort)	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days	I	S
Chamomile (German)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~60 days	I	S
Chervil	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~60 days		S								I
Chile de Árbol Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~85 days			S							I
China Aster	4 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~90 days		S								I
Chives	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~60 days		S								I
Chrysanthemum (Garden Mum)	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	First real harvest the season after planting			S							I
Cilantro	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~50 days		S
Citronella Plant (Mosquito Plant)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~60 days		T
Clarkia (Farewell-to-Spring)	4 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~75 days	I/S
Claytonia (Miner's Lettuce)	9 per sq ft	3-6 in	~40 days		S
Cleome (Spider Flower)	1 per sq ft	1.5-6 ft	~75 days			S							I
Coleus	1 per sq ft	0.5-3 ft	~75 days			S							I
Collard Greens (Spring window, Fall window)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~70 days	S						S			I
Columbine	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~365 days after transplanting		S								I
Coreopsis (Tickseed)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~80 days		S								I
Corn Poppy	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~90 days		S
Cosmos	1 per sq ft	2-6 ft	~70 days	I	S
Cranberry Hibiscus	~4 sq ft each	3.5-6 ft	~100 days		S								I
Craspedia (Drumstick Flower)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~115 days		S								I
Crocus⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	12 per sq ft	3-6 in	~150 days		S
Cubanelle Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~70 days			S							I
Cucamelon	1 per sq ft	8-13.5 ft	~70 days	I		S
Cucumber	2 per sq ft	5-6 ft	~55 days	I	S
Cumin	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~120 days			S
Currant⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~16 sq ft each	3-5 ft	First real harvest the season after planting	T
Cutting Celery (Leaf Celery)	4 per sq ft	1.5 ft	~65 days		S								I
Cynoglossum (Chinese Forget-Me-Not)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~75 days	I/S
Daffodil (Narcissus) (Fall window)	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~150 days							S	S	S
Dahlia	1 per sq ft	1-5 ft	~90 days			S
Daikon Radish	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~60 days		S
Dandelion (Cultivated)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~60 days		S
Datil Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~95 days			S							I
Delphinium	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	~150 days			T
Desert Marigold	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~75 days		S
Didiscus (Blue Lace Flower)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days		S
Dill	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~55 days		S
Dorset Naga Pepper	1 per sq ft	3-4 ft	~95 days			S						I
Dusty Miller	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~90 days		S								I
Dutch Iris⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~210 days		S
Echinops (Globe Thistle)	~2 sq ft each	2.5-4 ft	~365 days after transplanting		S								I
Edamame (Soybean)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~85 days		S
Eggplant	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~75 days			S							I
Elderberry	~16 sq ft each	8-10 ft	First real harvest in year 3		T
Epazote⚠ Toxic	~2 sq ft each	2-5 ft	~60 days		S
Eryngium (Sea Holly)⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~365 days after transplanting		S							I
Escarole (Endive) (Spring window, Fall window)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~85 days	I	S				S
Eucalyptus	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~100 days		S								I
Euphorbia (Snow-on-the-Mountain)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~80 days	I	S
Fava Bean (Broad Bean)	4 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~77 days	S
Fennel (Florence/bulbing)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days	I		S
Feverfew	2 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	~80 days	I	S
Fig	~16 sq ft each	8-15 ft	First real harvest the season after planting			T
Flower Sprouts	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~100 days	I	S
Forget-Me-Not⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~70 days		S
Four O'Clock	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~70 days		S
Foxglove⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	2-5 ft	~365 days after transplanting		S							I
Fresno Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~75 days			S							I
Gai Lan (Chinese Broccoli)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~45 days		S
Gaillardia (Blanket Flower)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days		S								I
Garlic (Fall window)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~240 days								S	S	S
Garlic Chives (Chinese Leeks)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days		S								I
Gazania	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~75 days	I	S
Ghost Pepper (Bhut Jolokia)	1 per sq ft	3-4 ft	~115 days			S						I
Gladiolus	2 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~90 days		S
Goji Berry⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~16 sq ft each	3-6 ft	First real harvest in year 3		T
Goldenseal⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	4 per sq ft	1 ft	~1200 days after direct-sowing		S
Gomphrena (Globe Amaranth)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~90 days		S								I
Gooseberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~16 sq ft each	3-4 ft	First real harvest the season after planting	T
Grape	~16 sq ft each	6-10 ft	First real harvest in year 3	T
Ground Cherry (Husk Cherry)	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~77 days			S							I
Guajillo Pepper (Mirasol)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days			S							I
Gypsophila (Baby's Breath)	2 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~75 days		S								I
Habanero Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~95 days			S							I
Helipterum (Paper Daisy)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~80 days		S								I
Heuchera (Coral Bells)	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S
Hollyhock	~5 sq ft each	5-9 ft	~180 days		S
Honesty (Lunaria)⚠ Spreads aggressively	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~120 days		S
Honeyberry (Haskap)⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~16 sq ft each	3-6 ft	First real harvest in year 3		T
Horehound	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S
Horseradish	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~180 days		S
Hosta	~4 sq ft each	0.5-2.5 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S
Hungarian Wax Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~70 days			S							I
Hyacinth⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	5 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~150 days		S
Hyacinth Bean Vine	1 per sq ft	6-12 ft	~90 days			S
Hyssop	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~85 days		S								I
Impatiens	2 per sq ft	0.5-2 ft	~75 days			S							I
Italian Frying Pepper (Corno di Toro, Marconi)	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	~70 days			S							I
Jalapeño Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~72 days			S							I
Jicama⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	8-15 ft	~150 days	I		S
Johnny Jump Up	4 per sq ft	3-10 in	~65 days		S								I
Kale (Spring window, Fall window)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~60 days	I/S						S
Kalettes	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~100 days	I	S
Kohlrabi (Spring window, Fall window)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~55 days	I	S					S
Komatsuna	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~40 days		S
Komodo Dragon Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	~105 days			S						I
Lantana	~7 sq ft each	1-2 ft	~90 days			T
Larkspur	1 per sq ft	3-4 ft	~95 days	S
Lavatera (Annual Mallow)	~4 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~90 days		S
Lavender	1 per sq ft	1-2.5 ft	~100 days		T
Leek	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~110 days	S									I
Lemon Balm	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~65 days	I	S
Lemon Drop Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~100 days			S							I
Lemongrass	1 per sq ft	1.5-4 ft	~100 days		T
Lettuce (Fall window, Spring window)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~45 days	I	S						S
Liatris (Blazing Star)⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S
Licorice Marigold	2 per sq ft	6-10 in	~60 days		S
Lima Bean	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days			S
Lingonberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	1 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	First real harvest in year 3		T
Lisianthus	2 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~150 days		S							I
Lobelia	4 per sq ft	4-8 in	~80 days		S								I
Lovage⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	1 per sq ft	4-6.5 ft	~90 days		S								I
Love-in-a-Mist (Nigella)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days		S
Luffa Gourd	~4 sq ft each	8-15 ft	~125 days	I	S
Lupine⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~2 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~80 days		S
Mâche (Corn Salad)	9 per sq ft	2-4 in	~50 days	S
Magenta Spreen	2 per sq ft	4-6 ft	~45 days	S
Maiden Pinks⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S
Malabar Spinach	2 per sq ft	6-10 ft	~70 days	I	S
Mallow (High Mallow)⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~110 days		S
Marigold	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~50 days	I	S
Marjoram (Sweet)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~65 days		S								I
Mashua	~2 sq ft each	2-8 ft	~210 days		S
Mauka	~10 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~150 days	I		S
Mexican Mint Marigold	2 per sq ft	1.5 ft	~75 days		S								I
Milk Thistle⚠ Spreads aggressively · Restricted in some states	~4 sq ft each	3-5 ft	~120 days		S
Mini Sweet Pepper (Snacking)	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~70 days			S							I
Mint (Spearmint)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~70 days		T
Mizuna	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~40 days	S
Molokhia (Egyptian Spinach)	4 per sq ft	3-5 ft	~50 days			S
Moonflower	2 per sq ft	10-20 ft	~90 days	I	S
Morning Glory	~4 sq ft each	8-10 ft	~75 days			S
Mountain Mint⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days		S								I
Mugwort⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b⚠ Spreads aggressively	~16 sq ft each	2-4 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S
Mulberry	~16 sq ft each	10-20 ft	First real harvest in year 4		T
Mustard Greens	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~40 days	S
Naga Viper Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~100 days			S						I
Nanking Cherry⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~16 sq ft each	8-12 ft	First real harvest in year 4	T
Napa Cabbage (Chinese Cabbage) (Spring window, Fall window)	1 per sq ft	1 ft	~57 days	I	S					S
Nasturtium	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~55 days		S
Nicotiana (Flowering Tobacco)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~75 days	I	S
Oca	1 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~210 days		S
Okra	1 per sq ft	5-6 ft	~58 days	I		S
Onion	16 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~100 days	S									I
Orach (Mountain Spinach)	4 per sq ft	3-5 ft	~45 days		S
Oregano	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days		S								I
Orlaya (Laceflower)	2 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~90 days	I	S
Ornamental Allium⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	5 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~195 days		S
Osteospermum	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~90 days		S								I
Padrón Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~60 days			S							I
Pansy / Viola	2 per sq ft	6-9 in	~65 days		S							I
Parsley	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~75 days		S								I
Parsley Root (Hamburg Parsley)	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~90 days		S
Parsnip	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~110 days		S
Pasilla Pepper (Chilaca)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~80 days			S							I
Pawpaw	~16 sq ft each	15-20 ft	First real harvest in year 5		T
Pea (Spring window, Fall window)	8 per sq ft	3-6 ft	~60 days	S						S
Peach	~16 sq ft each	12-15 ft	First real harvest in year 4		T
Peanut	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~130 days		S
Pear⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~16 sq ft each	14-18 ft	First real harvest in year 5		T
Pennyroyal⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S
Penstemon (Beardtongue)⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	First real harvest the season after planting	S
Petunia	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~70 days			S							I
Phacelia (Lacy Phacelia)	4 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	~70 days	S
Phlox (Annual)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~70 days	I	S
Pimento Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~80 days			S							I
Pineapple Sage	~10 sq ft each	3-5 ft	~90 days		T
Plum⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~16 sq ft each	15-18 ft	First real harvest in year 5		T
Poblano Pepper (Ancho)	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~70 days			S							I
Portulaca (Moss Rose)	1 per sq ft	4-8 in	~60 days		S								I
Potato	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~90 days		S
Primula⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S								I
Pumpkin	~10 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	~110 days		S
Purple Coneflower⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~365 days after planting	S									I
Purslane	4 per sq ft	4-8 in	~50 days	I	S
Quince	~16 sq ft each	10-15 ft	First real harvest in year 4		T
Radicchio	2 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~75 days	I	S
Radish (Fall window, Spring window)	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~25 days	S							S
Ranunculus (Fall window)	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~105 days								S	S	S
Raspberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~4 sq ft each	5-6 ft	First real harvest the season after planting	T
Rhubarb⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~9 sq ft each	2-3 ft	First real harvest in year 3		S
Rock Soapwort	~4 sq ft each	6-9 in	First real harvest the season after planting		S
Rocoto Pepper	~4 sq ft each	3-4 ft	~120 days			S						I
Root Chervil⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~150 days									S
Roselle	~10 sq ft each	4-7 ft	~150 days			S							I
Rosemary	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~90 days			S							I
Rue⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days		S								I
Rutabaga	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~90 days				S
Saffron Crocus⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	9 per sq ft	4-10 in	~425 days after direct-sowing							S
Sage⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~75 days			S							I
Salad Burnet⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~75 days		S								I
Salsify	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~120 days		S
Saltwort	9 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~45 days		S
Salvia (Scarlet Sage)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days			S							I
Saponaria (Soapwort)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~70 days	I/S
Scabiosa (Pincushion Flower)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~120 days		S								I
Scallion (Green Onion)	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~60 days		S
Scarlet Flax	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~70 days		S
Scarlet Runner Bean	1 per sq ft	6-9 ft	~70 days	I	S
Scorzonera (Black Salsify)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~120 days		S
Scotch Bonnet Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days			S							I
Sea Kale⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~9 sq ft each	1.5-2.5 ft	First real harvest in year 3		S
Sedum (Showy Stonecrop)	~4 sq ft each	1-2 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S
Serrano Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~78 days			S							I
Serviceberry (Juneberry)⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~16 sq ft each	6-15 ft	First real harvest in year 4		T
Shallot	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~108 days	S
Shasta Daisy	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~105 days	S									I
Shishito Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~60 days			S							I
Shiso (Perilla)	4 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~82 days		S
Showy Evening Primrose⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b⚠ Spreads aggressively	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S
Skirret	~1 sq ft each	1.5-2.5 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S								I
Snapdragon (Fall window)	2 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~90 days	S	S				I	I	I/S	I/S	I/S
Sorrel	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~50 days	I	S
Spilanthes (Toothache Plant)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~65 days	I	S
Spinach (Fall window, Spring window)	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~40 days	S							S
Statice	1 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~90 days	I	S
Stevia	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~90 days		T
Stock	2 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~80 days	I	S
Strawberry	1 per sq ft	6-8 in	First real harvest the season after planting	T
Strawflower	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~80 days		S								I
Summer Savory	4 per sq ft	5-7 in	~60 days	I	S
Summer Squash (Yellow)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~55 days	I	S
Sunchoke (Jerusalem Artichoke)	~16 sq ft each	6-10 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S
Sunflower	~2 sq ft each	3-12 ft	~80 days		S
Superhot Pepper (Ghost, Reaper, Scorpion)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~135 days			S						I
Sweet Alyssum	3 per sq ft	3-10 in	~40 days		S								I
Sweet Annie (Artemisia)	1 per sq ft	4-6 ft	~100 days	I	S
Sweet Banana Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~70 days			S							I
Sweet Cherry⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~16 sq ft each	16-20 ft	First real harvest in year 5		T
Sweet Cherry Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~75 days			S							I
Sweet Corn	1 per sq ft	5-8 ft	~75 days		S
Sweet Pea	2 per sq ft	5-8 ft	~85 days	S
Sweet Potato	~4 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	~110 days			S							I
Sweet William	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~60 days		S								I
Swiss Chard (Spring window, Fall window)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~55 days	I	S					S
Tabasco Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-4 ft	~85 days			S							I
Tansy⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b⚠ Toxic · Restricted in some states	1 per sq ft	1-5 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S
Tarragon (French)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~65 days		T
Tart Cherry⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~16 sq ft each	12-16 ft	First real harvest in year 4		T
Tatsoi	9 per sq ft	4-8 in	~45 days	S
Thai Chili Pepper (Bird's Eye)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~80 days			S							I
Thyme	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~90 days		S								I
Tithonia (Mexican Sunflower)	~2 sq ft each	4-6 ft	~88 days	I		S
Tobacco⚠ Toxic · Restricted in some states	~4 sq ft each	3-10 ft	~120 days			S							I
Tomatillo	~4 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~65 days			S							I
Tomato	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	~70 days	I		S
Torenia (Wishbone Flower)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~80 days			S							I
Trinidad Moruga Scorpion Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	~115 days			S						I
Trinidad Scorpion Butch T Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	~95 days			S						I
Tulip⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	7 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~180 days		S
Turnip (Spring window, Fall window)	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~50 days	S							S
Upland Cress	9 per sq ft	4-8 in	~50 days		S
Valerian	~2 sq ft each	4-6.5 ft	~730 days after transplanting	I	S
Vegetable Amaranth	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~40 days			S
Verbena	~2 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	~80 days		S								I
Veronica (Speedwell)⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	First real harvest the season after planting		S
Vinca (Madagascar Periwinkle)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days			S							I
Watercress	9 per sq ft	4-10 in	~50 days	I	S
Watermelon	~10 sq ft each	6-10 in	~85 days			S
Wax Begonia	2 per sq ft	0.5-2 ft	~90 days			S						I
White Sage	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~90 days		S								I
Wild Bergamot	~9 sq ft each	2-4 ft	First real harvest the season after planting	S
Winter Savory⚠ Not recommended for zone 9b	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~90 days		S								I
Winter Squash	~4 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	~100 days		S
Xeranthemum (Immortelle)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~85 days	I	S
Yacon	~4 sq ft each	4-6 ft	~210 days			S							I
Yarrow	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~100 days		S								I
Za'atar Oregano	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~90 days			S							I
Zinnia	1 per sq ft	1-4 ft	~65 days	I	S
Zucchini	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~50 days	I	S

Vegetables & Herbs

Plant	Spacing	Height	Window	Method	Start indoors	Direct sow / transplant	Est. harvest
Achira	~4 sq ft each	4-8 ft	—	Either	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	Aug 28–Sep 4
American Ginseng	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	About 3 years after planting
Angelica	~2 sq ft each	6-8 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 25–Feb 1	About a year after planting
Anise	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Jun 25–Jul 2
Anise Hyssop	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 4–May 11
Artichoke	~5 sq ft each	3-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Jan 25–Feb 1	Apr 30–May 7
Arugula	9 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 11–Jan 18	Feb 20–Feb 27
Asparagus	~4 sq ft each	4-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest in year 3
Basil	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Mar 1–Mar 8	Apr 30–May 7
Beet	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Spring window	Direct sow	—	Jan 25–Feb 1	Mar 21–Mar 28
Beet	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep 27–Oct 11	Nov 21–Dec 5
Belgian Endive (Witloof)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Jun 15–Jun 22
Birdhouse Gourd	~10 sq ft each	8-15 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 4–Jun 11
Bok Choy	1 per sq ft	1 ft	—	Either	Jan 11–Jan 18	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 6–Apr 13
Borage	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 11–Apr 18
Broccoli	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 7–Apr 14
Broccoli	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug 20–Sep 3	Sep 17–Oct 1	Nov 21–Dec 5
Broccoli Rabe (Raab)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 25–Feb 1	Mar 11–Mar 18
Broccolini	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 11–Jan 18	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 11–Apr 18
Brussels Sprouts	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 1–Feb 8	May 7–May 14
Brussels Sprouts	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Jul 21–Aug 4	Aug 18–Sep 1	Nov 21–Dec 5
Burdock	4 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	Jun 22–Jun 29
Bush Beans	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Spring window	Direct sow	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	Apr 18–Apr 25
Bush Beans	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep 27–Oct 11	Nov 21–Dec 5
Cabbage	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 12–Apr 19
Cabbage	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug 15–Aug 29	Sep 12–Sep 26	Nov 21–Dec 5
Cantaloupe	~4 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Jan 25–Feb 1	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 20–May 27
Caraway	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 25–Feb 1	About a year after planting
Cardoon	~4 sq ft each	3-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 29–Jul 6
Carrot	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Spring window	Direct sow	—	Jan 25–Feb 1	Apr 5–Apr 12
Carrot	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep 12–Sep 26	Nov 21–Dec 5
Catmint	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 13–May 20
Catnip	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 6–May 13
Cauliflower	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	Spring window	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 12–Apr 19
Cauliflower	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug 15–Aug 29	Sep 12–Sep 26	Nov 21–Dec 5
Celeriac (Celery Root)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Feb 1–Feb 8	May 12–May 19
Celery	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Feb 1–Feb 8	Jun 1–Jun 8
Celtuce (Stem Lettuce)	2 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Jan 18–Jan 25	Jan 25–Feb 1	Apr 15–Apr 22
Chamomile (German)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 16–Apr 23
Chervil	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 21–Dec 28	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 2–Apr 9
Chives	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 21–Dec 28	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 2–Apr 9
Cilantro	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 6–Apr 13
Citronella Plant (Mosquito Plant)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	Apr 23–Apr 30
Claytonia (Miner's Lettuce)	9 per sq ft	3-6 in	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Mar 27–Apr 3
Collard Greens	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Spring window	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Jan 25–Feb 1	Apr 5–Apr 12
Collard Greens	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Fall window	Either	—	Sep 12–Sep 26	Nov 21–Dec 5
Cucamelon	1 per sq ft	8-13.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 18–Jan 25	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 10–May 17
Cucumber	2 per sq ft	5-6 ft	—	Either	Jan 25–Feb 1	Feb 22–Mar 1	Apr 18–Apr 25
Cumin	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Mar 8–Mar 15	Jul 6–Jul 13
Cutting Celery (Leaf Celery)	4 per sq ft	1.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 21–Dec 28	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 21–Apr 28
Daikon Radish	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 16–Apr 23
Dandelion (Cultivated)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 16–Apr 23
Dill	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 8–Feb 15	Apr 4–Apr 11
Edamame (Soybean)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 18–May 25
Eggplant	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 15–May 22
Epazote	~2 sq ft each	2-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 16–Apr 23
Escarole (Endive)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Spring window	Either	Jan 18–Jan 25	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 27–May 4
Escarole (Endive)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Either	—	Aug 28–Sep 11	Nov 21–Dec 5
Fava Bean (Broad Bean)	4 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 25–Feb 1	Apr 12–Apr 19
Fennel (Florence/bulbing)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Jan 11–Jan 18	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 30–Jun 6
Flower Sprouts	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 1–Feb 8	May 12–May 19
Gai Lan (Chinese Broccoli)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	Mar 18–Mar 25
Garlic	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Oct–Dec	~240 days after direct-sowing
Garlic Chives (Chinese Leeks)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 13–May 20
Goldenseal	4 per sq ft	1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	About 3 years after planting
Ground Cherry (Husk Cherry)	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Mar 8–Mar 15	May 24–May 31
Horehound	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Horseradish	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	Aug 21–Aug 28
Hyssop	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Dec 21–Dec 28	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 18–May 25
Jicama	1 per sq ft	8-15 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jul 29–Aug 5
Kale	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Spring window	Either	Jan 4–Jan 11	Jan 25–Feb 1	Mar 26–Apr 2
Kale	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Either	—	Sep 22–Oct 6	Nov 21–Dec 5
Kalettes	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 1–Feb 8	May 12–May 19
Kohlrabi	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Spring window	Either	Jan 11–Jan 18	Feb 1–Feb 8	Mar 28–Apr 4
Kohlrabi	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Either	—	Sep 27–Oct 11	Nov 21–Dec 5
Komatsuna	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	Mar 13–Mar 20
Lavender	1 per sq ft	1-2.5 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	Jun 2–Jun 9
Leek	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Jan 25–Feb 1	May 15–May 22
Lemon Balm	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 11–Jan 18	Feb 22–Mar 1	Apr 28–May 5
Lemongrass	1 per sq ft	1.5-4 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	Jun 2–Jun 9
Lettuce	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Either	—	Oct 7–Oct 21	Nov 21–Dec 5
Lettuce	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Spring window	Either	Jan 18–Jan 25	Feb 1–Feb 8	Mar 18–Mar 25
Licorice Marigold	2 per sq ft	6-10 in	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 16–Apr 23
Lima Bean	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Mar 8–Mar 15	May 22–May 29
Lovage	1 per sq ft	4-6.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 23–May 30
Luffa Gourd	~4 sq ft each	8-15 ft	—	Either	Jan 18–Jan 25	Feb 22–Mar 1	Jun 27–Jul 4
Mâche (Corn Salad)	9 per sq ft	2-4 in	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 18–Jan 25	Mar 9–Mar 16
Magenta Spreen	2 per sq ft	4-6 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 25–Feb 1	Mar 11–Mar 18
Malabar Spinach	2 per sq ft	6-10 ft	—	Either	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 3–May 10
Marjoram (Sweet)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	Apr 28–May 5
Mashua	~2 sq ft each	2-8 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Sep 13–Sep 20
Mauka	~10 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jul 29–Aug 5
Mexican Mint Marigold	2 per sq ft	1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 8–May 15
Milk Thistle	~4 sq ft each	3-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	Jun 1–Jun 8
Mint (Spearmint)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 26–May 3
Mizuna	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 25–Feb 1	Mar 6–Mar 13
Molokhia (Egyptian Spinach)	4 per sq ft	3-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Mar 1–Mar 8	Apr 20–Apr 27
Mountain Mint	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 23–May 30
Mugwort	~16 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	First real harvest the season after planting
Mustard Greens	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 25–Feb 1	Mar 6–Mar 13
Napa Cabbage (Chinese Cabbage)	1 per sq ft	1 ft	Spring window	Either	Jan 18–Jan 25	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 13–Apr 20
Napa Cabbage (Chinese Cabbage)	1 per sq ft	1 ft	Fall window	Either	—	Sep 25–Oct 9	Nov 21–Dec 5
Oca	1 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Sep 13–Sep 20
Okra	1 per sq ft	5-6 ft	—	Either	Jan 18–Jan 25	Mar 1–Mar 8	Apr 28–May 5
Onion	16 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Jan 25–Feb 1	May 5–May 12
Orach (Mountain Spinach)	4 per sq ft	3-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	Mar 18–Mar 25
Oregano	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 13–May 20
Parsley	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Dec 21–Dec 28	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 17–Apr 24
Parsley Root (Hamburg Parsley)	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 16–May 23
Parsnip	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	May 22–May 29
Pea	8 per sq ft	3-6 ft	Spring window	Direct sow	—	Jan 4–Jan 11	Mar 5–Mar 12
Pea	8 per sq ft	3-6 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep 22–Oct 6	Nov 21–Dec 5
Peanut	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	Jul 2–Jul 9
Pennyroyal	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	First real harvest the season after planting
Pineapple Sage	~10 sq ft each	3-5 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 23–May 30
Potato	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	May 2–May 9
Pumpkin	~10 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	Jun 12–Jun 19
Purslane	4 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Either	Jan 25–Feb 1	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 6–Apr 13
Radicchio	2 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Either	Jan 18–Jan 25	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 1–May 8
Radish	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Oct 27–Nov 10	Nov 21–Dec 5
Radish	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Spring window	Direct sow	—	Jan 18–Jan 25	Feb 12–Feb 19
Rhubarb	~9 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest in year 3
Root Chervil	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Nov 23–Nov 30	Apr 22–Apr 29
Roselle	~10 sq ft each	4-7 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jul 29–Aug 5
Rosemary	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 30–Jun 6
Rue	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 23–May 30
Rutabaga	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 19–Apr 26	Jul 18–Jul 25
Sage	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 15–May 22
Salad Burnet	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 8–May 15
Salsify	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Jun 15–Jun 22
Saltwort	9 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 1–Apr 8
Scallion (Green Onion)	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 2–Apr 9
Scorzonera (Black Salsify)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Jun 15–Jun 22
Sea Kale	~9 sq ft each	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest in year 3
Shallot	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 25–Feb 1	May 13–May 20
Shiso (Perilla)	4 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 15–May 22
Skirret	~1 sq ft each	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 21–Dec 28	Feb 15–Feb 22	First real harvest the season after planting
Sorrel	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Jan 11–Jan 18	Feb 1–Feb 8	Mar 23–Mar 30
Spinach	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Oct 12–Oct 26	Nov 21–Dec 5
Spinach	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Spring window	Direct sow	—	Jan 18–Jan 25	Feb 27–Mar 6
Stevia	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 23–May 30
Summer Savory	4 per sq ft	5-7 in	—	Either	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 16–Apr 23
Summer Squash (Yellow)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Jan 25–Feb 1	Feb 22–Mar 1	Apr 18–Apr 25
Sunchoke (Jerusalem Artichoke)	~16 sq ft each	6-10 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Sweet Corn	1 per sq ft	5-8 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 8–May 15
Sweet Potato	~4 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 8–Mar 15	Jun 26–Jul 3
Swiss Chard	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Spring window	Either	Jan 18–Jan 25	Feb 1–Feb 8	Mar 28–Apr 4
Swiss Chard	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	Fall window	Either	—	Sep 27–Oct 11	Nov 21–Dec 5
Tansy	1 per sq ft	1-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Tarragon (French)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	Apr 28–May 5
Tatsoi	9 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 25–Feb 1	Mar 11–Mar 18
Thyme	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 23–May 30
Tobacco	~4 sq ft each	3-10 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 29–Jul 6
Tomatillo	~4 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Mar 8–Mar 15	May 12–May 19
Tomato	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 10–May 17
Turnip	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Spring window	Direct sow	—	Jan 25–Feb 1	Mar 16–Mar 23
Turnip	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Oct 2–Oct 16	Nov 21–Dec 5
Upland Cress	9 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 8–Feb 15	Mar 30–Apr 6
Valerian	~2 sq ft each	4-6.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 22–Mar 1	About 2 years after planting
Vegetable Amaranth	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Mar 1–Mar 8	Apr 10–Apr 17
Watercress	9 per sq ft	4-10 in	—	Either	Jan 25–Feb 1	Feb 1–Feb 8	Mar 23–Mar 30
Watermelon	~10 sq ft each	6-10 in	—	Direct sow	—	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 25–Jun 1
White Sage	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 21–Dec 28	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 16–May 23
Wild Bergamot	~9 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 18–Jan 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Winter Savory	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 23–May 30
Winter Squash	~4 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	Jun 2–Jun 9
Yacon	~4 sq ft each	4-6 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 8–Mar 15	Oct 4–Oct 11
Za'atar Oregano	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 30–Jun 6
Zucchini	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Either	Jan 25–Feb 1	Feb 22–Mar 1	Apr 13–Apr 20

Peppers

Plant	Spacing	Height	Window	Method	Start indoors	Direct sow / transplant	Est. harvest
7 Pot Douglah Pepper (Chocolate 7 Pot)	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 30–Dec 7	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 4–Jun 11
7 Pot Primo Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 30–Dec 7	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 19–Jun 26
Aji Amarillo Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 30–Jun 6
Anaheim Pepper (New Mexico, Hatch)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 18–May 25
Bell Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 15–May 22
Carolina Reaper Pepper	~4 sq ft each	4-5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 30–Dec 7	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 24–Jul 1
Cayenne Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 10–May 17
Chile de Árbol Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 25–Jun 1
Cubanelle Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 10–May 17
Datil Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 4–Jun 11
Dorset Naga Pepper	1 per sq ft	3-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 30–Dec 7	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 4–Jun 11
Fresno Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 15–May 22
Ghost Pepper (Bhut Jolokia)	1 per sq ft	3-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 30–Dec 7	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 24–Jul 1
Guajillo Pepper (Mirasol)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 15–May 22
Habanero Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 4–Jun 11
Hungarian Wax Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 10–May 17
Italian Frying Pepper (Corno di Toro, Marconi)	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 10–May 17
Jalapeño Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 12–May 19
Komodo Dragon Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 30–Dec 7	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 14–Jun 21
Lemon Drop Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 9–Jun 16
Mini Sweet Pepper (Snacking)	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 10–May 17
Naga Viper Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 30–Dec 7	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 9–Jun 16
Padrón Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	Apr 30–May 7
Pasilla Pepper (Chilaca)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 20–May 27
Pimento Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 20–May 27
Poblano Pepper (Ancho)	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 10–May 17
Rocoto Pepper	~4 sq ft each	3-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 23–Nov 30	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 29–Jul 6
Scotch Bonnet Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 30–Jun 6
Serrano Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 18–May 25
Shishito Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	Apr 30–May 7
Superhot Pepper (Ghost, Reaper, Scorpion)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 30–Dec 7	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jul 14–Jul 21
Sweet Banana Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 10–May 17
Sweet Cherry Pepper	1 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 15–May 22
Tabasco Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 25–Jun 1
Thai Chili Pepper (Bird's Eye)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 20–May 27
Trinidad Moruga Scorpion Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 30–Dec 7	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 24–Jul 1
Trinidad Scorpion Butch T Pepper	1 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 30–Dec 7	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 4–Jun 11

Fruit & Berries

These stay in the ground for years. The planting window is when to put a bare-root or potted plant in, and the last column is how long before it crops properly rather than a harvest date.

Plant	Space needed	Height	Hardy zones	Plant out	First real harvest
Apple	~18 ft across	15-20 ft	3–8	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest in year 4
Apricot	~16 ft across	13-16 ft	5–8	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest in year 4
Aronia (Black Chokeberry)	~5 ft across	4-8 ft	3–8	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest in year 3
Blackberry	~3 ft across	5-8 ft	5–9	Jan 18–Jan 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Blueberry	~4 ft across	3-6 ft	3–8	Jan 18–Jan 25	First real harvest in year 3
Currant	~4 ft across	3-5 ft	3–8	Jan 18–Jan 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Elderberry	~7 ft across	8-10 ft	3–9	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest in year 3
Fig	~8 ft across	8-15 ft	7–11	Mar 1–Mar 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Goji Berry	~5 ft across	3-6 ft	4–7	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest in year 3
Gooseberry	~4 ft across	3-4 ft	3–8	Jan 18–Jan 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Grape	~8 ft across	6-10 ft	4–10	Jan 25–Feb 1	First real harvest in year 3
Honeyberry (Haskap)	~4 ft across	3-6 ft	2–7	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest in year 3
Lingonberry	~2 ft across	0.5-1.5 ft	3–7	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest in year 3
Mulberry	~8 ft across	10-20 ft	4–9	Feb 15–Feb 22	First real harvest in year 4
Nanking Cherry	~8 ft across	8-12 ft	2–7	Jan 18–Jan 25	First real harvest in year 4
Pawpaw	~8 ft across	15-20 ft	5–9	Feb 15–Feb 22	First real harvest in year 5
Peach	~18 ft across	12-15 ft	5–9	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest in year 4
Pear	~15 ft across	14-18 ft	4–8	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest in year 5
Plum	~16 ft across	15-18 ft	4–8	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest in year 5
Quince	~8 ft across	10-15 ft	5–9	Feb 15–Feb 22	First real harvest in year 4
Raspberry	~2 ft across	5-6 ft	3–8	Jan 18–Jan 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Serviceberry (Juneberry)	~8 ft across	6-15 ft	3–8	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest in year 4
Strawberry	~1 ft across	6-8 in	3–10	Jan 25–Feb 1	First real harvest the season after planting
Sweet Cherry	~18 ft across	16-20 ft	5–8	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest in year 5
Tart Cherry	~15 ft across	12-16 ft	4–8	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest in year 4

Flowers

Plant	Spacing	Height	Window	Method	Start indoors	Direct sow / transplant	Est. bloom
African Daisy	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 16–Apr 23
Ageratum (Flossflower)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 8–May 15
Agrostemma (Corn Cockle)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Jan 18–Jan 25	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 17–Apr 24
Amaranthus (Love-Lies-Bleeding)	1 per sq ft	3-5 ft	—	Either	Jan 11–Jan 18	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 16–May 23
Amaryllis	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	First real harvest the season after planting
Ammi (False Queen Anne's Lace)	2 per sq ft	3-4 ft	—	Either	Jan 11–Jan 18	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 26–Jun 2
Ammobium (Winged Everlasting)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 6–May 13
Angelonia (Summer Snapdragon)	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 7–Jun 14
Annual Geranium (Pelargonium)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 14–Dec 21	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 23–May 30
Astilbe	~4 sq ft each	1.5-4.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Bachelor's Button (Cornflower)	3 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 17–Apr 24
Basket-of-Gold	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Bee Balm	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 9–Jun 16
Bells of Ireland	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 8–Feb 15	May 9–May 16
Black-Eyed Susan	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Jan 25–Feb 1	Apr 5–Apr 12
Black-Eyed Susan Vine	1 per sq ft	3-8 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Mar 1–Mar 8	Jun 9–Jun 16
Bleeding Heart	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 18–Jan 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Bupleurum (Thoroughwax)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 1–Feb 8	May 2–May 9
Butterfly Weed (Asclepias)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Feb 22–Mar 1	About a year after planting
Calendula	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 1–Feb 8	Mar 23–Mar 30
California Bluebell	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 26–May 3
California Poppy	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 22–Apr 29
Calla Lily	1 per sq ft	2-3.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	First real harvest the season after planting
Campanula (Bellflower)	2 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	Jun 22–Jun 29
Candytuft	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 12–Apr 19
Carnation	4 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 8–Feb 15	Jun 23–Jun 30
Carthamus (Safflower)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Jan 18–Jan 25	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 16–May 23
Castor Bean	~10 sq ft each	6-10 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	Jun 2–Jun 9
Celosia	2 per sq ft	1-2.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 13–May 20
Cerinthe (Honeywort)	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 1–May 8
China Aster	4 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 23–May 30
Chrysanthemum (Garden Mum)	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Clarkia (Farewell-to-Spring)	4 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Either	Jan 18–Jan 25	Jan 25–Feb 1	Apr 10–Apr 17
Cleome (Spider Flower)	1 per sq ft	1.5-6 ft	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 15–May 22
Coleus	1 per sq ft	0.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 15–May 22
Columbine	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 14–Dec 21	Feb 22–Mar 1	About a year after planting
Coreopsis (Tickseed)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 13–May 20
Corn Poppy	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	May 2–May 9
Cosmos	1 per sq ft	2-6 ft	—	Either	Jan 11–Jan 18	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 3–May 10
Cranberry Hibiscus	~4 sq ft each	3.5-6 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	Jun 2–Jun 9
Craspedia (Drumstick Flower)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	Jun 17–Jun 24
Crocus	12 per sq ft	3-6 in	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Jul 15–Jul 22
Cynoglossum (Chinese Forget-Me-Not)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Jan 18–Jan 25	Jan 25–Feb 1	Apr 10–Apr 17
Daffodil (Narcissus)	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep–Nov	~150 days after direct-sowing
Dahlia	1 per sq ft	1-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 30–Jun 6
Delphinium	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Mar 8–Mar 15	Aug 5–Aug 12
Desert Marigold	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 8–May 15
Didiscus (Blue Lace Flower)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 16–May 23
Dusty Miller	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 14–Dec 21	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 23–May 30
Dutch Iris	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Sep 13–Sep 20
Echinops (Globe Thistle)	~2 sq ft each	2.5-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	About a year after planting
Eryngium (Sea Holly)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 16–Nov 23	Feb 22–Mar 1	About a year after planting
Eucalyptus	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 14–Dec 21	Feb 22–Mar 1	Jun 2–Jun 9
Euphorbia (Snow-on-the-Mountain)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Jan 11–Jan 18	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 6–May 13
Feverfew	2 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	—	Either	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 6–May 13
Forget-Me-Not	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 12–Apr 19
Four O'Clock	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 3–May 10
Foxglove	1 per sq ft	2-5 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 30–Dec 7	Feb 22–Mar 1	About a year after planting
Gaillardia (Blanket Flower)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 13–May 20
Gazania	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 8–May 15
Gladiolus	2 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	May 2–May 9
Gomphrena (Globe Amaranth)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 23–May 30
Gypsophila (Baby's Breath)	2 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 8–May 15
Helipterum (Paper Daisy)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 13–May 20
Heuchera (Coral Bells)	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Hollyhock	~5 sq ft each	5-9 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	Jul 31–Aug 7
Honesty (Lunaria)	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Jun 15–Jun 22
Hosta	~4 sq ft each	0.5-2.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Hyacinth	5 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Jul 15–Jul 22
Hyacinth Bean Vine	1 per sq ft	6-12 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Mar 8–Mar 15	Jun 6–Jun 13
Impatiens	2 per sq ft	0.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 15–May 22
Johnny Jump Up	4 per sq ft	3-10 in	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 7–Apr 14
Lantana	~7 sq ft each	1-2 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 30–Jun 6
Larkspur	1 per sq ft	3-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 18–Jan 25	Apr 23–Apr 30
Lavatera (Annual Mallow)	~4 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 16–May 23
Liatris (Blazing Star)	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Lisianthus	2 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 16–Nov 23	Feb 22–Mar 1	Jul 22–Jul 29
Lobelia	4 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Start indoors	Dec 14–Dec 21	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 13–May 20
Love-in-a-Mist (Nigella)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 17–Apr 24
Lupine	~2 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 22–Apr 29
Maiden Pinks	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Mallow (High Mallow)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Jun 5–Jun 12
Marigold	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 22–Mar 1	Apr 13–Apr 20
Moonflower	2 per sq ft	10-20 ft	—	Either	Jan 11–Jan 18	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 16–May 23
Morning Glory	~4 sq ft each	8-10 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 15–May 22
Nasturtium	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 22–Mar 1	Apr 18–Apr 25
Nicotiana (Flowering Tobacco)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 8–May 15
Orlaya (Laceflower)	2 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Either	Jan 11–Jan 18	Feb 8–Feb 15	May 9–May 16
Ornamental Allium	5 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Aug 29–Sep 5
Osteospermum	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 23–May 30
Pansy / Viola	2 per sq ft	6-9 in	—	Start indoors	Nov 23–Nov 30	Feb 1–Feb 8	Apr 7–Apr 14
Penstemon (Beardtongue)	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 18–Jan 25	First real harvest the season after planting
Petunia	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 14–Dec 21	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 10–May 17
Phacelia (Lacy Phacelia)	4 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 25–Feb 1	Apr 5–Apr 12
Phlox (Annual)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Either	Jan 11–Jan 18	Feb 8–Feb 15	Apr 19–Apr 26
Portulaca (Moss Rose)	1 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	Apr 23–Apr 30
Primula	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Purple Coneflower	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 14–Dec 21	Jan 25–Feb 1	About a year after planting
Ranunculus	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Oct–Dec	~105 days after direct-sowing
Rock Soapwort	~4 sq ft each	6-9 in	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Saffron Crocus	9 per sq ft	4-10 in	—	Direct sow	—	Sep 28–Oct 5	About a year after planting
Salvia (Scarlet Sage)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 21–Dec 28	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 20–May 27
Saponaria (Soapwort)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Jan 25–Feb 1	Jan 25–Feb 1	Apr 5–Apr 12
Scabiosa (Pincushion Flower)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 22–Mar 1	Jun 22–Jun 29
Scarlet Flax	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Apr 26–May 3
Scarlet Runner Bean	1 per sq ft	6-9 ft	—	Either	Jan 25–Feb 1	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 3–May 10
Sedum (Showy Stonecrop)	~4 sq ft each	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Shasta Daisy	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Jan 25–Feb 1	May 10–May 17
Showy Evening Primrose	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	First real harvest the season after planting
Snapdragon	2 per sq ft	1-3 ft	Fall window	Start indoors	Aug–Dec	Oct–Feb	~90 days after transplanting
Spilanthes (Toothache Plant)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 22–Mar 1	Apr 28–May 5
Statice	1 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 23–May 30
Stock	2 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 6–May 13
Strawflower	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 6–May 13
Sunflower	~2 sq ft each	3-12 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 6–May 13
Sweet Alyssum	3 per sq ft	3-10 in	—	Either	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 15–Feb 22	Mar 27–Apr 3
Sweet Annie (Artemisia)	1 per sq ft	4-6 ft	—	Either	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 26–Jun 2
Sweet Pea	2 per sq ft	5-8 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jan 4–Jan 11	Mar 30–Apr 6
Sweet William	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 28–Jan 4	Feb 8–Feb 15	Apr 9–Apr 16
Tithonia (Mexican Sunflower)	~2 sq ft each	4-6 ft	—	Either	Jan 4–Jan 11	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 28–Jun 4
Torenia (Wishbone Flower)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 20–May 27
Tulip	7 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 15–Feb 22	Aug 14–Aug 21
Verbena	~2 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Dec 7–Dec 14	Feb 22–Mar 1	May 13–May 20
Veronica (Speedwell)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 1–Feb 8	First real harvest the season after planting
Vinca (Madagascar Periwinkle)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Dec 7–Dec 14	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 20–May 27
Wax Begonia	2 per sq ft	0.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Nov 23–Nov 30	Mar 1–Mar 8	May 30–Jun 6
Xeranthemum (Immortelle)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Jan 4–Jan 11	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 11–May 18
Yarrow	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Dec 14–Dec 21	Feb 15–Feb 22	May 26–Jun 2
Zinnia	1 per sq ft	1-4 ft	—	Either	Jan 18–Jan 25	Feb 22–Mar 1	Apr 28–May 5

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Zone 9b frost dates: when to expect the last spring frost, the first fall frost, and how long that leaves for a growing season.

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Worth having in October

Nisaku NJP650 Hori-Hori Weeding KnifeDepth markings on the blade for planting bulbs and garlic at the right depth.Check price on Amazon →Agfabric 0.55oz Floating Row CoverLight enough to leave on through a cold night when a frost threatens early or late plantings.Check price on Amazon →FCMP Outdoor IM4000 Dual Chamber Tumbling ComposterTwo chambers, so one batch finishes while you add fall leaves and scraps to the other.Check price on Amazon →

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Zone 9a & 9b Planting Calendar

Vegetables & Herbs

Peppers

Fruit & Berries

Flowers

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Worth having in September

Worth having in October

Worth having in November

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