Zone 4a & 4b Planting Calendar

Every listed crop, timed for zone 4b. Zones 4a and 4b share the same average frost dates in our data, so this calendar covers both. Not sure this is your zone? Change it using the zone picker at the top of the page.

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This zone has a single frost date, and the windows below are based on it. That date is a long-term average, not a forecast: it shifts from year to year, and a microclimate within your zone (a valley, a coastline, an urban heat island) can run meaningfully earlier or later than the regional average. Use these windows as a starting point and watch your local forecast as the date approaches.

I = start indoors · S = direct sow / transplant outside · T = transplant (buy as a start). Click any column heading to sort.

Plant	Spacing	Height	Est. harvest	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Achira⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~4 sq ft each	4-8 ft	~180 days		I		S
African Daisy	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~60 days				S
Ageratum (Flossflower)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days		I		S
Agrostemma (Corn Cockle)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~75 days			I	S
Amaranthus (Love-Lies-Bleeding)	1 per sq ft	3-5 ft	~90 days			I	S
Amaryllis⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~365 days				S
American Ginseng	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~1200 days				S
Ammi (False Queen Anne's Lace)	2 per sq ft	3-4 ft	~100 days			I	S
Ammobium (Winged Everlasting)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~80 days			I	S
Angelica	~2 sq ft each	6-8 ft	~365 days			S
Angelonia (Summer Snapdragon)	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~98 days		I		S
Anise	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~130 days				S
Anise Hyssop⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~78 days			I	S
Annual Geranium (Pelargonium)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~90 days		I		S
Apple	~16 sq ft each	15-20 ft	~1095 days				T
Apricot⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~16 sq ft each	13-16 ft	~1095 days				T
Aronia (Black Chokeberry)	~16 sq ft each	4-8 ft	~730 days				T
Artichoke	~5 sq ft each	3-4 ft	~95 days		I	S
Arugula	9 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~40 days			S
Asparagus	~4 sq ft each	4-5 ft	~730 days				S
Astilbe	~4 sq ft each	1.5-4.5 ft	~365 days				S
Bachelor's Button (Cornflower)	3 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~75 days		I		S
Basil	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~60 days			I	S
Basket-of-Gold	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~365 days				S
Bee Balm	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~100 days				T
Beet	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~55 days			S
Belgian Endive (Witloof)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~120 days				S
Bells of Ireland	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days		I		S
Birdhouse Gourd	~10 sq ft each	8-15 ft	~95 days				S
Black-Eyed Susan	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~70 days		I	S
Black-Eyed Susan Vine	1 per sq ft	3-8 ft	~100 days			I	S
Blackberry⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~9 sq ft each	5-8 ft	~730 days			T
Bleeding Heart	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~365 days			S
Blueberry	~16 sq ft each	3-6 ft	~1095 days			T
Bok Choy	1 per sq ft	1 ft	~50 days			I	S
Borage	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~55 days				S
Broccoli	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~65 days			I	S
Broccoli Rabe (Raab)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~45 days			S
Broccolini	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~55 days			I	S
Brussels Sprouts	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~95 days			I	S
Bupleurum (Thoroughwax)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days		I		S
Burdock	4 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~120 days				S
Bush Beans	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~55 days				S
Butterfly Weed (Asclepias)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~365 days		I		S
Cabbage	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~70 days			I	S
Calendula	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~50 days		I		S
California Bluebell	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~70 days				S
California Poppy	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~80 days				S
Calla Lily⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	2-3.5 ft	~365 days				S
Campanula (Bellflower)	2 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	~120 days		I		S
Candytuft	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~70 days				S
Cantaloupe⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~4 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	~80 days			I	S
Caraway	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~365 days			S
Cardoon⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~4 sq ft each	3-4 ft	~120 days		I		S
Carnation	4 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~135 days		I		S
Carrot	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~70 days			S
Carthamus (Safflower)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~90 days			I	S
Castor Bean⚠ Toxic	~10 sq ft each	6-10 ft	~100 days				S
Catmint	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days		I		S
Catnip	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~80 days		I		S
Cauliflower	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~70 days			I	S
Celeriac (Celery Root)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~100 days		I		S
Celery	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~120 days		I		S
Celosia	2 per sq ft	1-2.5 ft	~80 days		I		S
Celtuce (Stem Lettuce)	2 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days			I/S
Cerinthe (Honeywort)	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days			I	S
Chamomile (German)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~60 days			I	S
Chervil	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~60 days		I		S
China Aster	4 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~90 days		I		S
Chives	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~60 days		I		S
Chrysanthemum (Garden Mum)⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~365 days		I		S
Cilantro	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~50 days				S
Citronella Plant (Mosquito Plant)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~60 days				T
Clarkia (Farewell-to-Spring)	4 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~75 days			I/S
Claytonia (Miner's Lettuce)	9 per sq ft	3-6 in	~40 days				S
Cleome (Spider Flower)	1 per sq ft	1.5-6 ft	~75 days		I		S
Coleus	1 per sq ft	0.5-3 ft	~75 days		I		S
Collard Greens	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~70 days		I	S
Columbine	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~365 days		I		S
Coreopsis (Tickseed)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~80 days		I		S
Corn Poppy	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~90 days				S
Cosmos	1 per sq ft	2-6 ft	~70 days			I	S
Cranberry Hibiscus⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~4 sq ft each	3.5-6 ft	~100 days		I		S
Craspedia (Drumstick Flower)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~115 days		I		S
Crocus (Fall window)	12 per sq ft	3-6 in	~150 days							S	S	S
Cucamelon	1 per sq ft	8-13.5 ft	~70 days			I	S
Cucumber	2 per sq ft	5-6 ft	~55 days			I	S
Cumin	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~120 days					S
Currant	~16 sq ft each	3-5 ft	~730 days			T
Cutting Celery (Leaf Celery)	4 per sq ft	1.5 ft	~65 days		I		S
Cynoglossum (Chinese Forget-Me-Not)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~75 days			I/S
Daffodil (Narcissus) (Fall window)	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~150 days							S	S	S
Dahlia	1 per sq ft	1-5 ft	~90 days				S
Daikon Radish	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~60 days				S
Dandelion (Cultivated)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~60 days				S
Delphinium	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	~150 days					T
Desert Marigold⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~75 days				S
Didiscus (Blue Lace Flower)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days				S
Dill	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~55 days				S
Dusty Miller	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~90 days		I		S
Dutch Iris⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~210 days				S
Echinops (Globe Thistle)	~2 sq ft each	2.5-4 ft	~365 days		I		S
Edamame (Soybean)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~85 days				S
Eggplant	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~75 days		I		S
Elderberry	~16 sq ft each	8-10 ft	~730 days				T
Epazote⚠ Toxic	~2 sq ft each	2-5 ft	~60 days				S
Eryngium (Sea Holly)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~365 days	I			S
Escarole (Endive)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~85 days			I	S
Eucalyptus	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~100 days		I		S
Euphorbia (Snow-on-the-Mountain)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~80 days			I	S
Fava Bean (Broad Bean)	4 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~77 days			S
Fennel (Florence/bulbing)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days			I	S
Feverfew⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	2 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	~80 days			I	S
Fig⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~16 sq ft each	8-15 ft	~730 days				T
Flower Sprouts	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~100 days			I	S
Forget-Me-Not	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~70 days				S
Four O'Clock	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~70 days				S
Foxglove⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	2-5 ft	~365 days	I			S
Gai Lan (Chinese Broccoli)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~45 days				S
Gaillardia (Blanket Flower)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days		I		S
Garlic	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~240 days										S
Garlic Chives (Chinese Leeks)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days		I		S
Gazania	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~75 days			I	S
Gladiolus	2 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~90 days				S
Goji Berry	~16 sq ft each	3-6 ft	~730 days				T
Goldenseal⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	4 per sq ft	1 ft	~1200 days				S
Gomphrena (Globe Amaranth)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~90 days		I		S
Gooseberry	~16 sq ft each	3-4 ft	~730 days			T
Grape	~16 sq ft each	6-10 ft	~1095 days			T
Ground Cherry (Husk Cherry)	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~77 days		I			S
Gypsophila (Baby's Breath)	2 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~75 days		I		S
Helipterum (Paper Daisy)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~80 days		I		S
Heuchera (Coral Bells)	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~365 days				S
Hollyhock	~5 sq ft each	5-9 ft	~180 days				S
Honesty (Lunaria)⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b⚠ Spreads aggressively	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~120 days				S
Honeyberry (Haskap)	~16 sq ft each	3-6 ft	~730 days				T
Horehound	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~365 days				S
Horseradish	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~180 days				S
Hosta	~4 sq ft each	0.5-2.5 ft	~365 days				S
Hyacinth (Fall window)	5 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~150 days							S	S	S
Hyacinth Bean Vine	1 per sq ft	6-12 ft	~90 days					S
Hyssop	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~85 days		I		S
Impatiens	2 per sq ft	0.5-2 ft	~75 days		I		S
Jicama⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	8-15 ft	~150 days			I	S
Johnny Jump Up	4 per sq ft	3-10 in	~65 days		I		S
Kale	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~60 days			I/S
Kalettes	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~100 days			I	S
Kohlrabi	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~55 days			I	S
Komatsuna	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~40 days				S
Lantana	~7 sq ft each	1-2 ft	~90 days				T
Larkspur	1 per sq ft	3-4 ft	~95 days			S
Lavatera (Annual Mallow)	~4 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~90 days				S
Lavender⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	1 per sq ft	1-2.5 ft	~100 days				T
Leek	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~110 days		I	S
Lemon Balm	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~65 days			I	S
Lemongrass⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	1 per sq ft	1.5-4 ft	~100 days				T
Lettuce	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~45 days			I	S
Liatris (Blazing Star)	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	~365 days				S
Licorice Marigold	2 per sq ft	6-10 in	~60 days				S
Lima Bean	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days					S
Lingonberry	1 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~730 days				T
Lisianthus	2 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~150 days	I			S
Lobelia	4 per sq ft	4-8 in	~80 days		I		S
Lovage	1 per sq ft	4-6.5 ft	~90 days		I		S
Love-in-a-Mist (Nigella)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~75 days				S
Luffa Gourd	~4 sq ft each	8-15 ft	~125 days			I	S
Lupine	~2 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~80 days				S
Mâche (Corn Salad)	9 per sq ft	2-4 in	~50 days			S
Magenta Spreen	2 per sq ft	4-6 ft	~45 days			S
Maiden Pinks	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~365 days				S
Malabar Spinach⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	2 per sq ft	6-10 ft	~70 days			I	S
Mallow (High Mallow)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~110 days				S
Marigold	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~50 days			I	S
Marjoram (Sweet)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~65 days		I		S
Mashua⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~2 sq ft each	2-8 ft	~210 days				S
Mauka⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~10 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~150 days			I	S
Mexican Mint Marigold⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	2 per sq ft	1.5 ft	~75 days		I		S
Milk Thistle⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b⚠ Spreads aggressively · Restricted in some states	~4 sq ft each	3-5 ft	~120 days				S
Mint (Spearmint)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~70 days				T
Mizuna	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~40 days			S
Molokhia (Egyptian Spinach)	4 per sq ft	3-5 ft	~50 days				S
Moonflower	2 per sq ft	10-20 ft	~90 days			I	S
Morning Glory	~4 sq ft each	8-10 ft	~75 days				S
Mountain Mint⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days		I		S
Mugwort⚠ Spreads aggressively	~16 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~365 days				S
Mulberry	~16 sq ft each	10-20 ft	~1095 days				T
Mustard Greens	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~40 days			S
Nanking Cherry	~16 sq ft each	8-12 ft	~1095 days			T
Napa Cabbage (Chinese Cabbage)	1 per sq ft	1 ft	~57 days			I	S
Nasturtium	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~55 days				S
Nicotiana (Flowering Tobacco)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~75 days			I	S
Oca⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	1 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~210 days				S
Okra⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	1 per sq ft	5-6 ft	~58 days			I	S
Onion	16 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~100 days		I	S
Orach (Mountain Spinach)	4 per sq ft	3-5 ft	~45 days				S
Oregano	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days		I		S
Orlaya (Laceflower)	2 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~90 days			I	S
Ornamental Allium (Fall window)	5 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~195 days							S	S	S
Osteospermum	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~90 days		I		S
Pansy / Viola	2 per sq ft	6-9 in	~65 days	I			S
Parsley	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~75 days		I		S
Parsley Root (Hamburg Parsley)	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~90 days				S
Parsnip	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~110 days				S
Pawpaw⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~16 sq ft each	15-20 ft	~1095 days				T
Pea	8 per sq ft	3-6 ft	~60 days			S
Peach⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~16 sq ft each	12-15 ft	~730 days				T
Peanut⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~130 days				S
Pear	~16 sq ft each	14-18 ft	~1095 days				T
Pennyroyal⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~365 days				S
Penstemon (Beardtongue)	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~365 days			S
Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~75 days		I		S
Petunia	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~70 days		I		S
Phacelia (Lacy Phacelia)	4 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	~70 days			S
Phlox (Annual)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~70 days			I	S
Pineapple Sage	~10 sq ft each	3-5 ft	~90 days				T
Plum	~16 sq ft each	15-18 ft	~1095 days				T
Portulaca (Moss Rose)	1 per sq ft	4-8 in	~60 days		I		S
Potato	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~90 days				S
Primula	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~365 days		I		S
Pumpkin	~10 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	~110 days				S
Purple Coneflower	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~365 days		I	S
Purslane	4 per sq ft	4-8 in	~50 days			I	S
Quince⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~16 sq ft each	10-15 ft	~1095 days				T
Radicchio	2 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~75 days			I	S
Radish	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~25 days			S
Ranunculus	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~105 days				S
Raspberry	~4 sq ft each	5-6 ft	~730 days			T
Rhubarb	~9 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~1095 days				S
Rock Soapwort	~4 sq ft each	6-9 in	~365 days				S
Root Chervil⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~150 days	S
Roselle	~10 sq ft each	4-7 ft	~150 days		I		S
Rosemary	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	~90 days		I		S
Rue⚠ Toxic	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~90 days		I		S
Rutabaga	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~90 days						S
Saffron Crocus	9 per sq ft	4-10 in	~365 days										S
Sage	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~75 days		I		S
Salad Burnet	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~75 days		I		S
Salsify	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~120 days				S
Saltwort	9 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~45 days				S
Salvia (Scarlet Sage)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days		I		S
Saponaria (Soapwort)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~70 days			I/S
Scabiosa (Pincushion Flower)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~120 days		I		S
Scallion (Green Onion)	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~60 days				S
Scarlet Flax	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~70 days				S
Scarlet Runner Bean	1 per sq ft	6-9 ft	~70 days			I	S
Scorzonera (Black Salsify)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~120 days				S
Sea Kale	~9 sq ft each	1.5-2.5 ft	~730 days				S
Sedum (Showy Stonecrop)	~4 sq ft each	1-2 ft	~365 days				S
Serviceberry (Juneberry)	~16 sq ft each	6-15 ft	~1095 days				T
Shallot	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~108 days			S
Shasta Daisy	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~105 days		I	S
Shiso (Perilla)	4 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~82 days				S
Showy Evening Primrose⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b⚠ Spreads aggressively	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~365 days				S
Skirret⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~1 sq ft each	1.5-2.5 ft	~365 days		I		S
Snapdragon	2 per sq ft	1-3 ft	~90 days		I		S
Sorrel	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~50 days			I	S
Spilanthes (Toothache Plant)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~65 days			I	S
Spinach	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~40 days			S
Statice	1 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~90 days			I	S
Stevia	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~90 days				T
Stock	2 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	~80 days			I	S
Strawberry	1 per sq ft	6-8 in	~365 days			T
Strawflower	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~80 days		I		S
Summer Savory	4 per sq ft	5-7 in	~60 days			I	S
Summer Squash (Yellow)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~55 days			I	S
Sunchoke (Jerusalem Artichoke)	~16 sq ft each	6-10 ft	~365 days				S
Sunflower	~2 sq ft each	3-12 ft	~80 days				S
Superhot Pepper (Ghost, Reaper, Scorpion)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~135 days	I			S
Sweet Alyssum	3 per sq ft	3-10 in	~40 days		I		S
Sweet Annie (Artemisia)	1 per sq ft	4-6 ft	~100 days			I	S
Sweet Cherry⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~16 sq ft each	16-20 ft	~1095 days				T
Sweet Corn	1 per sq ft	5-8 ft	~75 days				S
Sweet Pea	2 per sq ft	5-8 ft	~85 days			S
Sweet Potato⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~4 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	~110 days		I			S
Sweet William	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~60 days		I		S
Swiss Chard	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~55 days			I	S
Tansy⚠ Toxic · Restricted in some states	1 per sq ft	1-5 ft	~365 days				S
Tarragon (French)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	~65 days				T
Tart Cherry	~16 sq ft each	12-16 ft	~1095 days				T
Tatsoi	9 per sq ft	4-8 in	~45 days			S
Thyme	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~90 days		I		S
Tithonia (Mexican Sunflower)	~2 sq ft each	4-6 ft	~88 days			I	S
Tobacco⚠ Toxic · Restricted in some states	~4 sq ft each	3-10 ft	~120 days		I		S
Tomatillo	~4 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~65 days		I			S
Tomato	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	~70 days			I	S
Torenia (Wishbone Flower)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	~80 days		I		S
Tulip (Fall window)	7 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~180 days							S	S
Turnip	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~50 days			S
Upland Cress	9 per sq ft	4-8 in	~50 days				S
Valerian	~2 sq ft each	4-6.5 ft	~730 days			I	S
Vegetable Amaranth	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~40 days				S
Verbena⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~2 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	~80 days		I		S
Veronica (Speedwell)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~365 days				S
Vinca (Madagascar Periwinkle)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	~80 days		I		S
Watercress	9 per sq ft	4-10 in	~50 days			I	S
Watermelon⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~10 sq ft each	6-10 in	~85 days				S
Wax Begonia	2 per sq ft	0.5-2 ft	~90 days	I			S
White Sage⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	~90 days		I		S
Wild Bergamot	~9 sq ft each	2-4 ft	~365 days			S
Winter Savory	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	~90 days		I		S
Winter Squash	~4 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	~100 days				S
Xeranthemum (Immortelle)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	~85 days			I	S
Yacon⚠ Not recommended for zone 4b	~4 sq ft each	4-6 ft	~210 days		I			S
Yarrow	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	~100 days		I		S
Za'atar Oregano	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	~90 days		I		S
Zinnia	1 per sq ft	1-4 ft	~65 days			I	S
Zucchini	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	~50 days			I	S

Vegetables & Herbs

Plant	Spacing	Height	Window	Method	Start indoors	Direct sow / transplant	Est. harvest
Achira	~4 sq ft each	4-8 ft	—	Either	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 29–Jun 5	Nov 25–Dec 2
American Ginseng	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Aug 27 '30–Sep 3 '30
Angelica	~2 sq ft each	6-8 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 24–May 1	Apr 23 '28–Apr 30 '28
Anise	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Sep 22–Sep 29
Anise Hyssop	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 15–May 22	Aug 1–Aug 8
Artichoke	~5 sq ft each	3-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 6–Mar 13	Apr 24–May 1	Jul 28–Aug 4
Arugula	9 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 10–Apr 17	May 20–May 27
Asparagus	~4 sq ft each	4-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Apr 30 '29–May 7 '29
Basil	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 29–Jun 5	Jul 28–Aug 4
Beet	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 24–May 1	Jun 18–Jun 25
Belgian Endive (Witloof)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Sep 12–Sep 19
Birdhouse Gourd	~10 sq ft each	8-15 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 29–Jun 5	Sep 1–Sep 8
Bok Choy	1 per sq ft	1 ft	—	Either	Apr 10–Apr 17	May 15–May 22	Jul 4–Jul 11
Borage	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Jul 9–Jul 16
Broccoli	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 1–May 8	Jul 5–Jul 12
Broccoli Rabe (Raab)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 24–May 1	Jun 8–Jun 15
Broccolini	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 10–Apr 17	May 15–May 22	Jul 9–Jul 16
Brussels Sprouts	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 1–May 8	Aug 4–Aug 11
Burdock	4 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 22–May 29	Sep 19–Sep 26
Bush Beans	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 22–May 29	Jul 16–Jul 23
Cabbage	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 1–May 8	Jul 10–Jul 17
Cantaloupe	~4 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Apr 24–May 1	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 17–Aug 24
Caraway	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 24–May 1	Apr 23 '28–Apr 30 '28
Cardoon	~4 sq ft each	3-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 29–Jun 5	Sep 26–Oct 3
Carrot	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 24–May 1	Jul 3–Jul 10
Catmint	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 10–Aug 17
Catnip	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 15–May 22	Aug 3–Aug 10
Cauliflower	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 1–May 8	Jul 10–Jul 17
Celeriac (Celery Root)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 6–Mar 13	May 1–May 8	Aug 9–Aug 16
Celery	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 6–Mar 13	May 1–May 8	Aug 29–Sep 5
Celtuce (Stem Lettuce)	2 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Apr 17–Apr 24	Apr 24–May 1	Jul 13–Jul 20
Chamomile (German)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 15–May 22	Jul 14–Jul 21
Chervil	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 1–May 8	Jun 30–Jul 7
Chives	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 1–May 8	Jun 30–Jul 7
Cilantro	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Jul 4–Jul 11
Citronella Plant (Mosquito Plant)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	May 22–May 29	Jul 21–Jul 28
Claytonia (Miner's Lettuce)	9 per sq ft	3-6 in	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Jun 24–Jul 1
Collard Greens	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	Apr 24–May 1	Jul 3–Jul 10
Cucamelon	1 per sq ft	8-13.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 17–Apr 24	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 7–Aug 14
Cucumber	2 per sq ft	5-6 ft	—	Either	Apr 24–May 1	May 22–May 29	Jul 16–Jul 23
Cumin	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jun 5–Jun 12	Oct 3–Oct 10
Cutting Celery (Leaf Celery)	4 per sq ft	1.5 ft	—	Either	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 15–May 22	Jul 19–Jul 26
Daikon Radish	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Jul 14–Jul 21
Dandelion (Cultivated)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Jul 14–Jul 21
Dill	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 8–May 15	Jul 2–Jul 9
Edamame (Soybean)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 22–May 29	Aug 15–Aug 22
Eggplant	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 12–Aug 19
Epazote	~2 sq ft each	2-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Jul 14–Jul 21
Escarole (Endive)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Apr 17–Apr 24	May 1–May 8	Jul 25–Aug 1
Fava Bean (Broad Bean)	4 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 24–May 1	Jul 10–Jul 17
Fennel (Florence/bulbing)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Apr 10–Apr 17	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 27–Sep 3
Flower Sprouts	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 1–May 8	Aug 9–Aug 16
Gai Lan (Chinese Broccoli)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Jun 15–Jun 22
Garlic	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 26–Jan 2 '27	Aug 23 '27–Aug 30 '27
Garlic Chives (Chinese Leeks)	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 10–Aug 17
Goldenseal	4 per sq ft	1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Aug 27 '30–Sep 3 '30
Ground Cherry (Husk Cherry)	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	Jun 5–Jun 12	Aug 21–Aug 28
Horehound	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Apr 30 '28–May 7 '28
Horseradish	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 22–May 29	Nov 18–Nov 25
Hyssop	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 22–May 29	Aug 15–Aug 22
Jicama	1 per sq ft	8-15 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 29–Jun 5	Oct 26–Nov 2
Kale	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Apr 3–Apr 10	Apr 24–May 1	Jun 23–Jun 30
Kalettes	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 1–May 8	Aug 9–Aug 16
Kohlrabi	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Apr 10–Apr 17	May 1–May 8	Jun 25–Jul 2
Komatsuna	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Jun 10–Jun 17
Lavender	1 per sq ft	1-2.5 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	May 22–May 29	Aug 30–Sep 6
Leek	9 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 6–Mar 13	Apr 24–May 1	Aug 12–Aug 19
Lemon Balm	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 10–Apr 17	May 22–May 29	Jul 26–Aug 2
Lemongrass	1 per sq ft	1.5-4 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	May 22–May 29	Aug 30–Sep 6
Lettuce	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Apr 17–Apr 24	May 1–May 8	Jun 15–Jun 22
Licorice Marigold	2 per sq ft	6-10 in	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Jul 14–Jul 21
Lima Bean	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jun 5–Jun 12	Aug 19–Aug 26
Lovage	1 per sq ft	4-6.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 20–Aug 27
Luffa Gourd	~4 sq ft each	8-15 ft	—	Either	Apr 17–Apr 24	May 22–May 29	Sep 24–Oct 1
Mâche (Corn Salad)	9 per sq ft	2-4 in	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 17–Apr 24	Jun 6–Jun 13
Magenta Spreen	2 per sq ft	4-6 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 24–May 1	Jun 8–Jun 15
Malabar Spinach	2 per sq ft	6-10 ft	—	Either	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 22–May 29	Jul 31–Aug 7
Marjoram (Sweet)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Jul 26–Aug 2
Mashua	~2 sq ft each	2-8 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Dec 11–Dec 18
Mauka	~10 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 29–Jun 5	Oct 26–Nov 2
Mexican Mint Marigold	2 per sq ft	1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 5–Aug 12
Milk Thistle	~4 sq ft each	3-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Aug 29–Sep 5
Mint (Spearmint)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	May 15–May 22	Jul 24–Jul 31
Mizuna	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 24–May 1	Jun 3–Jun 10
Molokhia (Egyptian Spinach)	4 per sq ft	3-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 29–Jun 5	Jul 18–Jul 25
Mountain Mint	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 20–Aug 27
Mugwort	~16 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	May 14 '28–May 21 '28
Mustard Greens	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 24–May 1	Jun 3–Jun 10
Napa Cabbage (Chinese Cabbage)	1 per sq ft	1 ft	—	Either	Apr 17–Apr 24	May 15–May 22	Jul 11–Jul 18
Oca	1 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Dec 11–Dec 18
Okra	1 per sq ft	5-6 ft	—	Either	Apr 17–Apr 24	May 29–Jun 5	Jul 26–Aug 2
Onion	16 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 20–Mar 27	Apr 24–May 1	Aug 2–Aug 9
Orach (Mountain Spinach)	4 per sq ft	3-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Jun 15–Jun 22
Oregano	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 22–May 29	Aug 10–Aug 17
Parsley	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 1–May 8	Jul 15–Jul 22
Parsley Root (Hamburg Parsley)	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Aug 13–Aug 20
Parsnip	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Aug 19–Aug 26
Pea	8 per sq ft	3-6 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 3–Apr 10	Jun 2–Jun 9
Peanut	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 22–May 29	Sep 29–Oct 6
Pennyroyal	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	May 14 '28–May 21 '28
Pepper	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 12–Aug 19
Pineapple Sage	~10 sq ft each	3-5 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	May 22–May 29	Aug 20–Aug 27
Potato	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Jul 30–Aug 6
Pumpkin	~10 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 22–May 29	Sep 9–Sep 16
Purslane	4 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Either	Apr 24–May 1	May 15–May 22	Jul 4–Jul 11
Radicchio	2 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Either	Apr 17–Apr 24	May 15–May 22	Jul 29–Aug 5
Radish	16 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 17–Apr 24	May 12–May 19
Rhubarb	~9 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Apr 30 '30–May 7 '30
Root Chervil	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Feb 20–Feb 27	Jul 20–Jul 27
Roselle	~10 sq ft each	4-7 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 29–Jun 5	Oct 26–Nov 2
Rosemary	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 6–Mar 13	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 27–Sep 3
Rue	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 20–Aug 27
Rutabaga	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jul 17–Jul 24	Oct 15–Oct 22
Sage	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 12–Aug 19
Salad Burnet	1 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 5–Aug 12
Salsify	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Sep 12–Sep 19
Saltwort	9 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Jun 29–Jul 6
Scallion (Green Onion)	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Jun 30–Jul 7
Scorzonera (Black Salsify)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Sep 12–Sep 19
Sea Kale	~9 sq ft each	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Apr 30 '29–May 7 '29
Shallot	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 24–May 1	Aug 10–Aug 17
Shiso (Perilla)	4 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 22–May 29	Aug 12–Aug 19
Skirret	~1 sq ft each	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Either	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 15–May 22	May 14 '28–May 21 '28
Sorrel	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Apr 10–Apr 17	May 1–May 8	Jun 20–Jun 27
Spinach	9 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 17–Apr 24	May 27–Jun 3
Stevia	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	May 22–May 29	Aug 20–Aug 27
Summer Savory	4 per sq ft	5-7 in	—	Either	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 15–May 22	Jul 14–Jul 21
Summer Squash (Yellow)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Apr 24–May 1	May 22–May 29	Jul 16–Jul 23
Sunchoke (Jerusalem Artichoke)	~16 sq ft each	6-10 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Apr 30 '28–May 7 '28
Superhot Pepper (Ghost, Reaper, Scorpion)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Feb 27–Mar 6	May 29–Jun 5	Oct 11–Oct 18
Sweet Corn	1 per sq ft	5-8 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 22–May 29	Aug 5–Aug 12
Sweet Potato	~4 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 20–Mar 27	Jun 5–Jun 12	Sep 23–Sep 30
Swiss Chard	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Apr 17–Apr 24	May 1–May 8	Jun 25–Jul 2
Tansy	1 per sq ft	1-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Apr 30 '28–May 7 '28
Tarragon (French)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	May 22–May 29	Jul 26–Aug 2
Tatsoi	9 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 24–May 1	Jun 8–Jun 15
Thyme	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 22–May 29	Aug 20–Aug 27
Tobacco	~4 sq ft each	3-10 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 29–Jun 5	Sep 26–Oct 3
Tomatillo	~4 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	Jun 5–Jun 12	Aug 9–Aug 16
Tomato	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 7–Aug 14
Turnip	9 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 24–May 1	Jun 13–Jun 20
Upland Cress	9 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Direct sow	—	May 8–May 15	Jun 27–Jul 4
Valerian	~2 sq ft each	4-6.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 22–May 29	May 21 '29–May 28 '29
Vegetable Amaranth	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 29–Jun 5	Jul 8–Jul 15
Watercress	9 per sq ft	4-10 in	—	Either	Apr 24–May 1	May 1–May 8	Jun 20–Jun 27
Watermelon	~10 sq ft each	6-10 in	—	Direct sow	—	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 22–Aug 29
White Sage	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Either	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 15–May 22	Aug 13–Aug 20
Wild Bergamot	~9 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 17–Apr 24	Apr 16 '28–Apr 23 '28
Winter Savory	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 20–Aug 27
Winter Squash	~4 sq ft each	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 22–May 29	Aug 30–Sep 6
Yacon	~4 sq ft each	4-6 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 20–Mar 27	Jun 5–Jun 12	Jan 1 '28–Jan 8 '28
Za'atar Oregano	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 27–Sep 3
Zucchini	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Either	Apr 24–May 1	May 22–May 29	Jul 11–Jul 18

Fruit & Berries

These stay in the ground for years. The planting window is when to put a bare-root or potted plant in, and the last column is how long before it crops properly rather than a harvest date.

Plant	Space needed	Height	Hardy zones	Plant out	First real harvest
Apple	~18 ft across	15-20 ft	3–8	May 1–May 8	First real harvest in year 4
Apricot	~16 ft across	13-16 ft	5–8	May 1–May 8	First real harvest in year 4
Aronia (Black Chokeberry)	~5 ft across	4-8 ft	3–8	May 1–May 8	First real harvest in year 3
Blackberry	~3 ft across	5-8 ft	5–9	Apr 17–Apr 24	First real harvest the season after planting
Blueberry	~4 ft across	3-6 ft	3–8	Apr 17–Apr 24	First real harvest in year 3
Currant	~4 ft across	3-5 ft	3–8	Apr 17–Apr 24	First real harvest the season after planting
Elderberry	~7 ft across	8-10 ft	3–9	May 1–May 8	First real harvest in year 3
Fig	~8 ft across	8-15 ft	7–11	May 29–Jun 5	First real harvest the season after planting
Goji Berry	~5 ft across	3-6 ft	4–7	May 1–May 8	First real harvest in year 3
Gooseberry	~4 ft across	3-4 ft	3–8	Apr 17–Apr 24	First real harvest the season after planting
Grape	~8 ft across	6-10 ft	4–10	Apr 24–May 1	First real harvest in year 3
Honeyberry (Haskap)	~4 ft across	3-6 ft	2–7	May 1–May 8	First real harvest in year 3
Lingonberry	~2 ft across	0.5-1.5 ft	3–7	May 1–May 8	First real harvest in year 3
Mulberry	~8 ft across	10-20 ft	4–9	May 15–May 22	First real harvest in year 4
Nanking Cherry	~8 ft across	8-12 ft	2–7	Apr 17–Apr 24	First real harvest in year 4
Pawpaw	~8 ft across	15-20 ft	5–9	May 15–May 22	First real harvest in year 5
Peach	~18 ft across	12-15 ft	5–9	May 1–May 8	First real harvest in year 4
Pear	~15 ft across	14-18 ft	4–8	May 1–May 8	First real harvest in year 5
Plum	~16 ft across	15-18 ft	4–8	May 1–May 8	First real harvest in year 5
Quince	~8 ft across	10-15 ft	5–9	May 15–May 22	First real harvest in year 4
Raspberry	~2 ft across	5-6 ft	3–8	Apr 17–Apr 24	First real harvest the season after planting
Serviceberry (Juneberry)	~8 ft across	6-15 ft	3–8	May 1–May 8	First real harvest in year 4
Strawberry	~1 ft across	6-8 in	3–10	Apr 24–May 1	First real harvest the season after planting
Sweet Cherry	~18 ft across	16-20 ft	5–8	May 1–May 8	First real harvest in year 5
Tart Cherry	~15 ft across	12-16 ft	4–8	May 1–May 8	First real harvest in year 4

Flowers

Plant	Spacing	Height	Window	Method	Start indoors	Direct sow / transplant	Est. bloom
African Daisy	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Jul 14–Jul 21
Ageratum (Flossflower)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 5–Aug 12
Agrostemma (Corn Cockle)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Apr 17–Apr 24	May 1–May 8	Jul 15–Jul 22
Amaranthus (Love-Lies-Bleeding)	1 per sq ft	3-5 ft	—	Either	Apr 10–Apr 17	May 15–May 22	Aug 13–Aug 20
Amaryllis	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 22–May 29	May 21 '28–May 28 '28
Ammi (False Queen Anne's Lace)	2 per sq ft	3-4 ft	—	Either	Apr 10–Apr 17	May 15–May 22	Aug 23–Aug 30
Ammobium (Winged Everlasting)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 15–May 22	Aug 3–Aug 10
Angelonia (Summer Snapdragon)	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 29–Jun 5	Sep 4–Sep 11
Annual Geranium (Pelargonium)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 13–Mar 20	May 22–May 29	Aug 20–Aug 27
Astilbe	~4 sq ft each	1.5-4.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Apr 30 '28–May 7 '28
Bachelor's Button (Cornflower)	3 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 1–May 8	Jul 15–Jul 22
Basket-of-Gold	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Apr 30 '28–May 7 '28
Bee Balm	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	May 29–Jun 5	Sep 6–Sep 13
Bells of Ireland	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 8–May 15	Aug 6–Aug 13
Black-Eyed Susan	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	Apr 24–May 1	Jul 3–Jul 10
Black-Eyed Susan Vine	1 per sq ft	3-8 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 29–Jun 5	Sep 6–Sep 13
Bleeding Heart	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 17–Apr 24	Apr 16 '28–Apr 23 '28
Bupleurum (Thoroughwax)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 1–May 8	Jul 30–Aug 6
Butterfly Weed (Asclepias)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 22–May 29	May 21 '28–May 28 '28
Calendula	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 1–May 8	Jun 20–Jun 27
California Bluebell	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Jul 24–Jul 31
California Poppy	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Jul 20–Jul 27
Calla Lily	1 per sq ft	2-3.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 22–May 29	May 21 '28–May 28 '28
Campanula (Bellflower)	2 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Sep 19–Sep 26
Candytuft	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Jul 10–Jul 17
Carnation	4 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 8–May 15	Sep 20–Sep 27
Carthamus (Safflower)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Apr 17–Apr 24	May 15–May 22	Aug 13–Aug 20
Castor Bean	~10 sq ft each	6-10 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 22–May 29	Aug 30–Sep 6
Celosia	2 per sq ft	1-2.5 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 10–Aug 17
Cerinthe (Honeywort)	2 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 15–May 22	Jul 29–Aug 5
China Aster	4 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 20–Aug 27
Chrysanthemum (Garden Mum)	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 29–Jun 5	May 28 '28–Jun 4 '28
Clarkia (Farewell-to-Spring)	4 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Either	Apr 17–Apr 24	Apr 24–May 1	Jul 8–Jul 15
Cleome (Spider Flower)	1 per sq ft	1.5-6 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 12–Aug 19
Coleus	1 per sq ft	0.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 6–Mar 13	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 12–Aug 19
Columbine	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 13–Mar 20	May 22–May 29	May 21 '28–May 28 '28
Coreopsis (Tickseed)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 10–Aug 17
Corn Poppy	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Jul 30–Aug 6
Cosmos	1 per sq ft	2-6 ft	—	Either	Apr 10–Apr 17	May 22–May 29	Jul 31–Aug 7
Cranberry Hibiscus	~4 sq ft each	3.5-6 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 30–Sep 6
Craspedia (Drumstick Flower)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Sep 14–Sep 21
Crocus	12 per sq ft	3-6 in	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep–Nov	Jan 29 '27–Apr 29 '27
Cynoglossum (Chinese Forget-Me-Not)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Apr 17–Apr 24	Apr 24–May 1	Jul 8–Jul 15
Daffodil (Narcissus)	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep–Nov	Jan 29 '27–Apr 29 '27
Dahlia	1 per sq ft	1-5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 27–Sep 3
Delphinium	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	Jun 5–Jun 12	Nov 2–Nov 9
Desert Marigold	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 22–May 29	Aug 5–Aug 12
Didiscus (Blue Lace Flower)	2 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Aug 13–Aug 20
Dusty Miller	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 13–Mar 20	May 22–May 29	Aug 20–Aug 27
Dutch Iris	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Dec 11–Dec 18
Echinops (Globe Thistle)	~2 sq ft each	2.5-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	May 21 '28–May 28 '28
Eryngium (Sea Holly)	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Feb 13–Feb 20	May 22–May 29	May 21 '28–May 28 '28
Eucalyptus	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 13–Mar 20	May 22–May 29	Aug 30–Sep 6
Euphorbia (Snow-on-the-Mountain)	4 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Apr 10–Apr 17	May 15–May 22	Aug 3–Aug 10
Feverfew	2 per sq ft	2.5-3 ft	—	Either	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 15–May 22	Aug 3–Aug 10
Forget-Me-Not	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Jul 10–Jul 17
Four O'Clock	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 22–May 29	Jul 31–Aug 7
Foxglove	1 per sq ft	2-5 ft	—	Start indoors	Feb 27–Mar 6	May 22–May 29	May 21 '28–May 28 '28
Gaillardia (Blanket Flower)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 10–Aug 17
Gazania	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 22–May 29	Aug 5–Aug 12
Gladiolus	2 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Jul 30–Aug 6
Gomphrena (Globe Amaranth)	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 20–Aug 27
Gypsophila (Baby's Breath)	2 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 5–Aug 12
Helipterum (Paper Daisy)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Aug 10–Aug 17
Heuchera (Coral Bells)	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Apr 30 '28–May 7 '28
Hollyhock	~5 sq ft each	5-9 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Oct 28–Nov 4
Honesty (Lunaria)	~2 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Sep 12–Sep 19
Hosta	~4 sq ft each	0.5-2.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Apr 30 '28–May 7 '28
Hyacinth	5 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep–Nov	Jan 29 '27–Apr 29 '27
Hyacinth Bean Vine	1 per sq ft	6-12 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Jun 5–Jun 12	Sep 3–Sep 10
Impatiens	2 per sq ft	0.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 6–Mar 13	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 12–Aug 19
Johnny Jump Up	4 per sq ft	3-10 in	—	Start indoors	Mar 6–Mar 13	May 1–May 8	Jul 5–Jul 12
Lantana	~7 sq ft each	1-2 ft	—	Buy as a start	—	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 27–Sep 3
Larkspur	1 per sq ft	3-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 17–Apr 24	Jul 21–Jul 28
Lavatera (Annual Mallow)	~4 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Aug 13–Aug 20
Liatris (Blazing Star)	1 per sq ft	3-6 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Apr 30 '28–May 7 '28
Lisianthus	2 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Feb 13–Feb 20	May 22–May 29	Oct 19–Oct 26
Lobelia	4 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Start indoors	Mar 13–Mar 20	May 22–May 29	Aug 10–Aug 17
Love-in-a-Mist (Nigella)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Jul 15–Jul 22
Lupine	~2 sq ft each	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Jul 20–Jul 27
Maiden Pinks	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Apr 30 '28–May 7 '28
Mallow (High Mallow)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Sep 2–Sep 9
Marigold	4 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 22–May 29	Jul 11–Jul 18
Moonflower	2 per sq ft	10-20 ft	—	Either	Apr 10–Apr 17	May 15–May 22	Aug 13–Aug 20
Morning Glory	~4 sq ft each	8-10 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 12–Aug 19
Nasturtium	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 22–May 29	Jul 16–Jul 23
Nicotiana (Flowering Tobacco)	1 per sq ft	1.5-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 22–May 29	Aug 5–Aug 12
Orlaya (Laceflower)	2 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Either	Apr 10–Apr 17	May 8–May 15	Aug 6–Aug 13
Ornamental Allium	5 per sq ft	2-3 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep–Nov	Mar 15 '27–Jun 13 '27
Osteospermum	1 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 22–May 29	Aug 20–Aug 27
Pansy / Viola	2 per sq ft	6-9 in	—	Start indoors	Feb 20–Feb 27	May 1–May 8	Jul 5–Jul 12
Penstemon (Beardtongue)	1 per sq ft	2-4 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 17–Apr 24	Apr 16 '28–Apr 23 '28
Petunia	1 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 13–Mar 20	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 7–Aug 14
Phacelia (Lacy Phacelia)	4 per sq ft	2.5-3.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 24–May 1	Jul 3–Jul 10
Phlox (Annual)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Either	Apr 10–Apr 17	May 8–May 15	Jul 17–Jul 24
Portulaca (Moss Rose)	1 per sq ft	4-8 in	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Jul 21–Jul 28
Primula	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 6–Mar 13	May 1–May 8	Apr 30 '28–May 7 '28
Purple Coneflower	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Either	Mar 13–Mar 20	Apr 24–May 1	Apr 23 '28–Apr 30 '28
Ranunculus	5 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 8–May 15	Aug 21–Aug 28
Rock Soapwort	~4 sq ft each	6-9 in	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Apr 30 '28–May 7 '28
Saffron Crocus	9 per sq ft	4-10 in	—	Direct sow	—	Dec 26–Jan 2 '27	Dec 26 '27–Jan 2 '28
Salvia (Scarlet Sage)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 20–Mar 27	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 17–Aug 24
Saponaria (Soapwort)	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Either	Apr 24–May 1	Apr 24–May 1	Jul 3–Jul 10
Scabiosa (Pincushion Flower)	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 22–May 29	Sep 19–Sep 26
Scarlet Flax	4 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Jul 24–Jul 31
Scarlet Runner Bean	1 per sq ft	6-9 ft	—	Either	Apr 24–May 1	May 22–May 29	Jul 31–Aug 7
Sedum (Showy Stonecrop)	~4 sq ft each	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Apr 30 '28–May 7 '28
Shasta Daisy	1 per sq ft	1.5-2.5 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	Apr 24–May 1	Aug 7–Aug 14
Showy Evening Primrose	1 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	May 14 '28–May 21 '28
Snapdragon	2 per sq ft	1-3 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 13–Mar 20	May 8–May 15	Aug 6–Aug 13
Spilanthes (Toothache Plant)	2 per sq ft	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 22–May 29	Jul 26–Aug 2
Statice	1 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 22–May 29	Aug 20–Aug 27
Stock	2 per sq ft	2-2.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 15–May 22	Aug 3–Aug 10
Strawflower	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 15–May 22	Aug 3–Aug 10
Sunflower	~2 sq ft each	3-12 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 15–May 22	Aug 3–Aug 10
Sweet Alyssum	3 per sq ft	3-10 in	—	Either	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 15–May 22	Jun 24–Jul 1
Sweet Annie (Artemisia)	1 per sq ft	4-6 ft	—	Either	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 15–May 22	Aug 23–Aug 30
Sweet Pea	2 per sq ft	5-8 ft	—	Direct sow	—	Apr 3–Apr 10	Jun 27–Jul 4
Sweet William	4 per sq ft	1-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 27–Apr 3	May 8–May 15	Jul 7–Jul 14
Tithonia (Mexican Sunflower)	~2 sq ft each	4-6 ft	—	Either	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 25–Sep 1
Torenia (Wishbone Flower)	4 per sq ft	0.5-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 6–Mar 13	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 17–Aug 24
Tulip	7 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	Fall window	Direct sow	—	Sep–Oct	Feb 28 '27–Apr 29 '27
Verbena	~2 sq ft each	0.5-1 ft	—	Either	Mar 6–Mar 13	May 22–May 29	Aug 10–Aug 17
Veronica (Speedwell)	~4 sq ft each	2-3 ft	—	Direct sow	—	May 1–May 8	Apr 30 '28–May 7 '28
Vinca (Madagascar Periwinkle)	1 per sq ft	1-1.5 ft	—	Start indoors	Mar 6–Mar 13	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 17–Aug 24
Wax Begonia	2 per sq ft	0.5-2 ft	—	Start indoors	Feb 20–Feb 27	May 29–Jun 5	Aug 27–Sep 3
Xeranthemum (Immortelle)	4 per sq ft	1.5-2 ft	—	Either	Apr 3–Apr 10	May 15–May 22	Aug 8–Aug 15
Yarrow	1 per sq ft	2-3 ft	—	Either	Mar 13–Mar 20	May 15–May 22	Aug 23–Aug 30
Zinnia	1 per sq ft	1-4 ft	—	Either	Apr 17–Apr 24	May 22–May 29	Jul 26–Aug 2

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Zone 4b frost dates: when to expect the last spring frost, the first fall frost, and how long that leaves for a growing season.

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