Onion in Zone 4a & 4b
Allium cepa
When to plant onion in zone 4b
Zones 4a and 4b share the same average frost dates in our data, so this page covers both.
Method: Start indoors: Start indoors from seed, then transplant outside. Onion needs a head start most zones can't give it by direct-sowing alone.
| Start indoors | Mar 20–Mar 27 |
|---|---|
| Direct sow / transplant outside | Apr 24–May 1 |
| Estimated harvest | Aug 2–Aug 9 (~100 days after transplanting) |
Spacing: 16 per square foot (square-foot-gardening spacing). Mature height: 1-1.5 ft.
Onions are one of the slower crops in the garden, around 100 days from transplant to harvest, and they start life indoors well before most of the garden is even being planned, which catches a lot of first-time growers off guard. There's no shortcut here: get the timing right up front and the rest of the crop mostly takes care of itself.
How onion fits zone 4's season
Zone 4b's frost-free window runs about 128 days, from May 15 to September 20. Onion needs about 100 days from transplant to first harvest.
Good companions
- Carrot: A real, peer-reviewed field study (Uvah & Coaker 1984) found intercropping onions with carrots reduced carrot rust fly damage, on the theory that mixed scents mask the host plant from pests hunting by smell.
- Tomato: Onion scent can deter tomato pests.
Where to buy onion seeds
See why we recommend these suppliers →
As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Some links on this page also go to other retailers we may earn a commission from as an affiliate, at no extra cost to you. We only recommend products with a genuine consensus of positive, independent reviews. See the sources cited on each item.
See it growing
Search YouTube for "growing onion" videos → (a live search, not a hand-picked video; results vary and aren't vetted by us)
← Back to the full zone 4b calendar · Full companion planting guide · Full plant profile · Plan your beds in the Garden Designer →
Pin this for later
Growing Onion in USDA zone 4b: when to start seeds indoors, when to direct-sow, and when to expect a harvest.
Save to Pinterest